characteristics of nucleotides __ A comparison of RNA and DNA (other than uracil substitution) __ The triplet arrangement of codons and/or anticodons __ The control of transcription (Operon‚ etc.) __ Promoters __ The role of polymerase __ Intervening sequences in eukaryotic cells __ Factors involved in the release of mRNA from DNA __ 5’ - 3’ arrangement with attachment at -OH end A definition of translation was worth an additional point with one point given for
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the plate in order and assigned in the computer program. The protocol of PCR is HV1. Cycling conditions are: 40 cycles of 30 seconds at 95oC‚ 30 seconds at 53oC and 30 seconds at 72oC. There is an initial 3 minute heating at 95oC to activate the polymerase and an additional 7 minute extension step at the end. Samples are kept at 4oC until taken out of the PCR machine. SYBR green was used and it binds to double-stranded DNA by intercalating between base pairs‚ and fluoresces only when bound to DNA
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Systematic and Applied Microbiology 34 (2011) 127–138 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Systematic and Applied Microbiology journal homepage: www.elsevier.de/syapm Microbial ecology of autothermal thermophilic aerobic digester (ATAD) systems for treating waste activated sludge David Hayes‚ Leonard Izzard 1 ‚ Robert Seviour ∗ Biotechnology Research Centre‚ La Trobe University‚ Bendigo‚ VIC 3552‚ Australia a r t i c l e i n f o Article history: Received 3 June 2010 Keywords:
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Investigation of the probiotic properties of bacterial strains from two probiotic drinks and their survivability in artificial gastric juice ABSTRACT: Two probiotic drinks were investigated in vitro to test their ability to survive acidic conditions and their probiotic factors. Both the products: Actimel and Yakult contain gram-positive bacteria‚ but Actimel also has a gram-negative bacteria. The ability to survive was investigated by adding artificial gastric juice to the products and incubating
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In silico search for the identification of HXK1 and MAKR6 in P. scoparia So as to know all the members of HXK1 and MAKR6 in gene wild almond‚ these HXK1 and MAKR6 sequences in regard to A. thaliana and Oryza sativa and DATF (Http://datf.cbi.pku.cn) [72] database and DRTF (http://drtf.cbi.pku.cn) [72] database‚ respectively. In order to look for HXK1 and Makr6 genes in P. scoparia‚ the HXK1 and MAKR6 domain was used together with BLASTP and TBLATN [73] acquired from the NCBI information base (http://www
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Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) is an enzyme involved in producing energy after the body has lost access to oxygen. LDH produces energy by helping to catalyze the reaction of NADH to NAD+ and does so by oxidation using pyruvate (1). LDH is found in highest concentrations in the heart‚ kidneys‚ lungs‚ blood cells and muscle tissues. Increases in LDH levels in the body have shown to be a marker of pain severity. This is because of tissue damage is the primary source of increasing LDH in the body. Thus
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The identification of Bamboo using various PCR and Sequencing Techniques Abstract Often the incorrect bamboo species is sold to unsuspecting customers at shops. This can have a disastrous effect on their garden. Three separate and unknown Bamboo leaf samples were taken and were required to be distinguished genetically from one another. Using ITS-PCR DNA amplification techniques‚ the ITS region DNA was amplified and used in PCR-RFLP and RAPD PCR in order to determine the genetic identity of each
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MOLECULAR DETECTION OF FUNGAL DISEASES INTRODUCTION With the rise of many new diseases caused due to viruses‚ bacteria and fungi; it is essential for the rapid detection of such diseases. The severity of such diseases can be reduced by its rapid detection carried out by different methods. The conventional methods may include the idea of just identifying the disease symptoms‚ identification of these pathogens in the laboratory by different morphological and biochemical tests‚ etc [1]. The conventional
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A standard qPCR was performed by using a SensiMix real-time PCR reagent (Bioline‚ Londen‚ UK)‚ which was used to make a Mastermix. The SensiMix contains all necessary components for the reaction such as enzymes‚ stabilizers‚ nucleotides and SYBR green. Besides the SensiMix‚ the Mastermix also contained a forward and reverse primer which serve as starting point for DNA synthesis. The used primers were designed using PrimerBank‚ a public
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III.MATERIALS AND METHODS 3.1. Collection and confirmation of Vibrio parahaemolyticus isolate Vibrio parahaemolyticus isolate was obtained from Cochin University of Science and Technology (Dr. I.S. Bright Singh) and grown in 1.5% TSB with 2% NaCl. A loop of the enriched culture was streaked onto thiosulphate-citrate-bile salt sucrose agar used for the selective isolation of vibrio strains (TCBS agar ).After 18-24hr incubation at 370c the cultures giving pure green colonies were randomly selected
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