molecules are often linked together to form medium-length chains called oligosaccharides‚ or very long chains called polysaccharides. The chemical and physical properties of monosaccharides and polysaccharides are different and can be detected with specific chemical tests. Glucose is an example of a monosaccharide that can be linked together in long chains to make a polysaccharide called starch. Even though starch is made up of glucose‚ in chemical tests the two
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Part I: Biotechnology Bio – “life”; Techno – “tools”; ologoy – “the study of” The use of living systems and organisms to develop or make useful products Any technological application that uses biological systems‚ living organisms or derivatives thereof‚ to make or modify products or processes for specific use It is an interdisciplinary field merging basic sciences‚ applied science‚ and engineering Branches of Biotechnology a. Bioinformatics – an interdisciplinary field addresses biological problems
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disaccharides and polysaccharides. Monosaccharide is the monomer of carbohydrates which contain hydroxyl group‚ such as glucose and fructose. Disaccharides are sugars that contain either aldehydes or ketone that react with hydroxyl group‚ such as maltose and lactose. Polysaccharides are the long chains of monosaccharide‚ which is called the polymer of carbohydrates. Monosaccharide and disaccharides can be tested by the Benedict’s test‚ as they are reducing sugars. Polysaccharides such as starch and
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(alkaline) human body range: 7.2-7.4 Biological molecules (organic molecules) Carbohydrates: easily used and best source of energy contain carbon‚ oxygen‚ hydrogen types: monosaccharide (small chain of carbons)‚ disaccharide (two monos)‚ polysaccharide (many monos) linked by dehydration synthesis example: glucose Lipids: insoluble‚ contain more energy than carbs but harder to break down fats: contain 3
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went about deriving his results by means of using two strains of Pneumoccocus (Streptococcus pneumonia) bacteria which he used to infect several mice. A type smooth strain and a type rough strain. The smooth strain has its components covered by a polysaccharide capsule‚ which gives it the ability to live in adverse conditions and divide rapidly through a process called Binary fission. Adverse conditions in the context of this experiment would mean “protection from white blood cells” The third line of
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Polymers have different structures. They also have different functions. Describe how the structures of different polymers relate to their function? Polymers a large molecules made up of a chain of smaller molecules‚ known as monomers. The monomers that a polymer is made up of decide its structure and therefore it’s function. These monomers are linked and coiled in a very specific manor giving the polymer a specific tertiary structure (an extensively coiled and linked polymer chain caused as a
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ABSTRACT The hypothesis which states that the simpler the nature of substrate‚ the faster the rate of cellular respiration of yeast was tested using the smith fermentation tube method. The experiment used six smith fermentation tubes‚ distilled water and sugar substrates. It composed of six set-ups which used 15ml of 10% yeast suspension‚ 15 ml distilled water and 15 ml of their assigned sugar substrate namely: starch‚ lactose‚ sucrose glucose and fructose respectively. Set-up six was the
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Sept 27‚ 2010 Chapter 4 * With four valence electrons‚ carbon can form four covalent bonds with a variety of atoms * This tetra valence makes large‚ complex molecules possible * Fundamental groups: Alkanes and Alkenes * The electron configuration of carbon gives it covalent compatibility with many different elements * The valences of carbon and its most frequent partners (hydrogen‚ oxygen‚ and nitrogen) are the “building code” that governs the architecture of living
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supportive structures in plants (cellulose)‚crustacean shells (chitin)‚ and connective tissues in animals (glucosaminoglycans); and are essential components of nucleic acids (D-ribose and 2-deoxy-D-ribose). Monosaccharides‚ oligosaccharides‚ and polysaccharides are theclassifications of carbohydrates. This experiment involves the carbohydrates starch‚ glucose‚ fructose‚ maltose‚ xylose‚ and sucrose. These carbohydrates are the standards to be used in determining the unknown sample with the help of
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BIOLOGY 114 MOLECULAR AND CELL BIOLOGY PRACTICAL MANUAL DEPARTMENT OF MICROBIAL‚ BIOCHEMICAL AND FOOD BIOTECHNOLOGY FACULTY OF NATURAL AND AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES UNIVERSITY OF THE FREE STATE 2012 Lecturers Prof. E. van Heerden Room 8 Department of Microbial‚ Biochemical and Food Biotechnology Prof. J. Albertyn Room 51 Department of Microbial‚ Biochemical and Food Biotechnology Practical time table Week Week begin Tutorial Tutoriaal Prac. and lecturer Prak
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