Objectives After studying this Unit‚ you will be able to • define the biomolecules like carbohydrates‚ proteins and nucleic acids; • classify carbohydrates‚ proteins‚ nucleic acids and vitamins on the basis of their structures; • explain the difference between DNA and RNA; • appreciate the role of biomolecules in biosystem. Biomolecules “It is the harmonious and synchronous progress of chemical reactions in body which leads to life”. 14 Unit A living system grows‚ sustains and reproduces
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Bioresource Technology 79 (2001) 207±225 Review paper The production of poly-(c-glutamic acid) from microorganisms and its various applications Ing-Lung Shih *‚ Yi-Tsong Van Department of Environmental Engineering‚ Da-Yeh University‚ 112 Shan-Jiau Road‚ Da-Tsuen‚ Chang-Hwa 51505‚ Taiwan‚ ROC Accepted 9 April 2001 Abstract This review article deals with the chemistry and biosynthesis of poly-(c-glutamic acid) (c-PGA) produced by various strains of Bacillus. Potential applications of
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1.The “building blocks” of polysaccharides are _______‚ and the blocks are covalently linked together by _______. A. | glycerol and fatty acids; glycosidic linkages | B. | amino acids; triple bonds | C. | monosaccharides; glycosidic linkages | D. | disaccharides; triple bonds | E. | oligosaccharides; glycosidic linkages | Answer choice C Which of the following statements about starch is false? A. | Starch may be partially branched. | B. | Starch is a polymer of glucose. | C. |
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Amylase is a very important enzyme located in the saliva and pancreatic juices that hydrolyses (break down) starch and glycogen into more simple and readily digestible forms of sugar. Enzymes are biological catalysts that increase the rate of biological reactions. Enzymes are produced in living cells and are involved in speeding up biochemical reactions. They have an active site to which specific substrate binds. They increase the rate of reactions by decreasing the amount of activation energy meaning
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Unit 1 Lesson 1 Key Question Biology SBI4U-C ILC 1) Mg2+ Has 10 electrons. 2) Carbon -14 would not be effective at dating bones that are millions of years old. Carbon -14 is effective at dating to a maximum of 40 000 to 50 000 years old. The isotope decays over time and would not be present on bones that are millions of years old. 3) Hydrolysis - Water used to breakdown molecules. Hydro means water and lysis means to breakdown. An example of hydrolysis in action within our bodies is how our
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conversion into value-added products [Nand‚ (1998)]. Pectin exists in varying amounts in fruit cell walls and has important nutritional and technological properties‚ mainly because of its ability to form gels (Westerlund etal‚ 1991). Pectin is a polysaccharide having properties such as gelation and emulsion stabilization which make it useful in the manufacture of food‚ cosmetics‚ and medicine. It is a normal constituent of food and may therefore be safely ingested. Citrus peel‚ a by-product of the citrus
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the hpertonic solution‚ with respect to the hypotonic. Osmosis is important in biological systems as many biological membranes are semipermeable. In general‚ these membranes are impermeable to organic solutes with larege molecules‚ such as polysaccharides‚ while permeable to water and small‚ uncharged soluts. When the membrane is in a volume of pure water on both sidesssss‚ water molecules pass in each direction at the same rate. Osmosis can also be explained using the notion of entrop‚ from
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Identification of Macromolecules Introduction The purpose of this lab is to test for the presence of macromolecules in various foods. Tests are performed to describe the basic structure of proteins‚ lipids‚ glycerides‚ and carbohydrates. We are to recognize the positives and negatives in these macromolecules. Also we are to identify the roles that proteins‚ lipids‚ minerals‚ vitamins‚ and carbohydrates play in the body’s construction and metabolism. Procedure / Results 5.1 Carbohydrate
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TOPIC 1- INTRO TO CELL BIOLOGY Cell Theory: 1) all organisms consist of one or more cells 2) the cell is the basic unit of structure for all organisms (Theodor Schwann) 3) all cells arise only from pre-existing cells (i.e cell= basic unit of reproduction) (Rudolf Virchow) Cells have enormous diversity (function and size)‚ but have unity (similar basic chemistry i.e DNA‚ ATP‚ metabolism‚ etc.) ** units: 1µm= 10-6m‚ 1nm= 10-9 m (typical prokaryote is 1-5µm‚ typical eukaryote is 10-30 µm)
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How do muscles move the skeleton? Contract How may possible gametes with A/A? one What process is blocked by operons/prokaryotes? Transcription What is the least involved in translation? DNA In the picture of muscle contraction‚ know what bands decrease in size and which ones stay the same. When the muscle contracts the sarcomere gets smaller and the area between myosin filaments. What are the net products of glycolysis? ATP‚ NADH‚ Pyruvic Acid What are the net products of cellular respiration
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