: September 2‚ 2013 Course/Yr. : BS Chemistry III Sched : MF 7-10‚ Group#2 Experiment No. 1 Synthesis and Reactivity of Tert-Butyl Chloride I. Objectives : 1. To produce tert-butyl chloride from tert-butyl alcohol 2. To understand the SN1 and SN2 mechanism involved in the reaction 3. To determine the yield of percentage of t-butyl chloride II. Introduction An alkyl halide is a derivative of alkanes. Alkanes are hydrocarbons with a functional group C-C. The hydrogen atom is then
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divides in water‚ sodium and chloride ions separate and then it may harm the plant. It takes about 7 to 13 weeks for a Phaseolus Vulgaris to be ready to harvest‚ but in this experiment you only want to know when would it sprout so it will take about 1-2 weeks. Hypothesis: If we dip the bean in different salinity of water‚ then it might effect the germination of the seed. Because salt water makes the plants weaker and absorb less nutrients‚ and when sodium and chloride ions separate then it might
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carbonate from aqueous solutions of calcium chloride and sodium carbonate. These solutions will be prepared from 2.01 g of calcium chloride and 1.06 g of sodium carbonate . Materials: 3 beakers 100 mL graduated cylinder rubber policeman funnel filter paper Procedure: 1. Put on your safety goggles. 2. Obtain two clean beakers. Rinse the inside of the beakers with a small amount of distilled water. 3. Obtain the correct amounts of calcium chloride and sodium carbonate. Enter these masses
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Title : Osmosis in Quail’s Eggs Research Question What is the effect of different concentrations of sodium Chloride (NaCl) on the mass of the de-shelled quail’s eggs? Introduction Osmosis is an example of passive transport. Osmosis is defined as the movement of water molecules‚ down its concentration gradient‚ from an area of high water concentration (low solute concentration) to an area of lower water concentration (high solute concentration) through a selectively permeable membrane. Osmosis
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Mannitol salt agar (MSA) plate – Mannitol is a carbohydrate that can be used by some bacteria as a nutrient. The use of mannitol is important in identifying Stapphylococcus species. Mannitol salt agar contains 7.5% sodium chloride (salt) whereas‚ most media contains about 0.5% sodium chloride. Organisms that cannot tolerate a high salt concentration will not grow on the plate. Staphylococcus species can grow in a high salt concentration. Mannitol positive organisms produce an acid when they grow. Staphylococcus
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an acid is replaced by a metal ion or an ammonium ion‚ NH4+. Salts Nitrate salts Carbonate salts Chloride salts Soluble All nitrate salts Potassium carbonate‚ K2CO3 Ammonium carbonate‚ (NH4)2CO3 Sodium carbonate‚ Na2CO3 All chloride salts Except Sulphate salts All sulphate salts Except 2. Preparation and purification of soluble salts Lead (II) chloride‚ PbCl2 Silver chloride‚ AgCl Mercury Chloride‚ HgCl Lead (II) sulphate‚ PbSO4 Barium sulphate‚ BaSO4 Cacium sulphate‚ CaSO4 Persatuan Bahasa Cina
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Joe Schmoe Period 3 March 8‚ 2013 Lab Report: Empirical Formula of Zinc Chloride (ZnCl) * Purpose The purpose of this experiment was to learn how to determine the empirical formula. Empirical means “based on experimental evidence.” * Experimental Design The reaction that occurred was the reaction of the elements Zinc (Zn) and Chloride (Cl) by mixing a piece(s) of Zinc and 50mL of Hydrochloric Acid (HCl). The amount of Zinc was determined to be between 1.00g and 1.25g. As the reaction
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experiment is to separate sodium chloride/charcoal and sodium chloride/copper(II) chloride mixtures. Equipment requiredBalanceFilter funnel standFilter funnelBunsen‚ tripod and gauze matWatch glassGlass rodBeakers (two 100mL)Graduated cylinder (25 mL)Filter paper (Whatman No. 1—three 12.5 cm sheets)Sodium chloride/charcoal mixture (4 g)Sodium chloride/copper(II) chloride mixture (8 g)Ethanol (25 mL)Distilled waterBoiling chipProcedureA Separation of a Sodium Chloride and Charcoal Mixture#1 Place 4
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ICSE Class X Chapter 5 Hydrogen Chloride and Hydrochloric Acid Hydrogen chloride (HCl) : Formula : HCl Nature : Covalent. Molecular Mass : 36·5u [i.e. HCl = 1 + 35·5 = 36·5] Occurrence : (i) Present in gastric juices. (ii) Present in volcanic gases. Laboratory preparation of HCl gas : Hydrogen chloride gas is prepared in laboratory by heating conc. H2SO4 with NaCl. NaCl + H2SO4 Heat → NaCl + NaHSO4 Heat → NaHSO4 + HCl Sodium hydrogen sulphate Na2SO4 + HCl
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The size of the pharmaceutical market in Pakistan is Rs.101 Billion (USD 1.2 Billion) and it is growing at a rate of about 12 - 15% per annum. There are presently 448 manufacturing units in Pakistan and there are 28 multinational companies operating in the country which have a 50% market share‚ suggesting that the market is quality-sensitive. Export of pharmaceuticals is limited‚ presently worth only USD 100 million‚ and these are destined mainly for African‚ Central Asian and South-East Asian countries
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