likely contains ionic bonds. Otherwise‚ it likely contains covalent bonds. This was the hypothesis I posed at the beginning of the experiment. The independent variables used in this experiment were the tested substances (oil‚ cornstarch‚ sodium chloride‚ and sodium bicarbonate). The dependent variables in this experiment were the concluded properties of said substances. These included state of matter‚ appearance and texture‚ whether or not it had a crystalline
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Title: Osmosis in quails’ egg Aim: To observe the effect of different concentrations of sodium chloride on a de-shelled quail’s egg To explain the effects in terms of osmosis Research Questions: Does the different concentrations of sodium chloride on a de-shelled quail’s egg effect the final mass of quail’s eggs that is measured by using electronic weighing balance? Introduction: “If a cell is to perform its functions‚ it must maintain a steady state in the midst of an ever-changing
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reaction. The reaction begins by first converting the m-toluic carboxylic acid into an acyl chlorosulfite through a reaction using thionyl chloride. The carboxylic acid is converted into an acyl chloride because the acyl chloride is more reactive. In this step‚ hydrochloric acid is formed from a hydrogen on the carboxylic acid and a chlorine from the thionyl chloride atoms binding together. A chlorine atom then attaches itself to a double bonded oxygen on the acyl chlorosulfite‚ kicking the double bonded
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Recovery of Elemental Copper from Copper (II) Nitrate Objectives: Students should be able to… recognize evidence(s) of a chemical change convert word equations into formula equations perform a series of chemical reactions in order to recycle the element copper determine the percent recovery of elemental copper Challenge: How good and accurate a chemist are you? Given a solution of Cu(NO3)2‚ what percentage of elemental copper can you recover from the original solution? Materials:
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detection of anions in a given solution. Method: CO3 Solution Iodine Solution 6M Nitric Acid SO4 Solution Sulphric Acid(H2SO4) Chloride Solution 6M Asetic Acid(CH3COOH) Barrium Chloride(BaCl2) 6M HCl(Hydrochloric acid) Silver Nitrate(AgNO3) 1M Potassium Nitrate(KNO2) Calcium Chloride (CaCl2) Barrium Hydroxide Ammonium Hydroxide (NH3OH) Methylene Chloride Test Tube/Test Tube Holder Eye Dropper Eye Dropper Beaker Pipette Pipette Bulb Litmus Paper Hot Plate Observations/Calculations:
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The Effects that 1%‚ 4%‚ and 16% Sodium Chloride (NaCl) Concentration Had on the Rate of Reaction of Catecholase Enzymes in a Potato (Solanum tuberosum). Abstract Enzymes are a key component of a cell. They make chemical reactions happen faster because they lower the activation energy to make the chemical reaction occur. Most of the time‚ it is best if enzymes produce as efficiently as possible‚ but in some cases it is better if they do not‚ when dealing with potatoes (Solanum tuberosum).
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Solubility product The Solubility product is related to SPARINGLY SOLUBLE SALTS ONLY!!!!! Examples are silver chloride‚ lead(II) chloride‚ calcium sulphate (in other words‚ it deals with salts commonly called insoluble salts) Consider a sparingly soluble salt MX Imagine the reaction that occurs when the solid is placed in water aMX (s) + H2O [pic] aMn+ (aq) + bXm- (aq) The equilibrium expression would be [Mn+]a [Xm-]b [MX]a [H2O]
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Chemistry F332 Notes Ions in solids and solutions: Structure of an ionic lattice (Sodium Chloride): * Consists of sodium ions (Na+) surrounded by six chloride ions (Cl-) * Chloride ions also surrounded by six sodium ions. * Held together by attraction of oppositely charged ions. * Giant ionic lattice. * Electrostatic bonds hold lattices together. * Structure is simple cubic. * Some ionic crystals contain water. * Known as water of crystallisation. * These crystals
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Chemicals Solutions of Anions: Sodium chloride‚ NaCl‚ 0.2 M Sodium bromide‚ NaBr‚ 0.2 M Potassium iodide‚ KI‚ 0.2 M Sodium sulfate‚ Na2SO4‚ 0.2 M Sodium carbonate‚ Na2CO3‚ 0.2 M Sodium nitrate‚ NaNO3‚ 0.2 M Test Reagents: Silver nitrate‚ AgNO3‚ 0.1 M Ammonia‚ NH3‚ 6 M Nitric acid‚ HNO3‚ 6 M Potassium permanganate‚ KMnO4‚ 0.1 M Mineral oil Sodium hydroxide‚ NaOH‚ 6 M Barium hydroxide‚ Ba(OH)2‚ saturated Barium chloride‚ BaCl2‚ 0.1 M Acetic acid‚ HC2H3O2
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mass percent of oxygen in the compound potassium chlorate (KClO3) via the thermal decomposition of a sample of potassium chlorate. b) To qualitatively demonstrate that the residue resulting from the decomposition of potassium chlorate is potassium chloride. Background All compounds consist of elements chemically combined in fixed proportions – they obey the Law of Constant Composition. One way to express the proportion each of element in a compound is as a percentage by mass‚ or mass percent. In
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