Henry VIII began his reign as a loyal Catholic‚ accepting the Pope as head of the Church. The Pope even gave Henry the title‚ ‘Defender of the Faith’. However‚ this time of peace between Henry VIII and Rome did not last forever! Henry had married Catherine of Aragon‚ the daughter of the King of Spain (an important Roman Catholic ruler). Henry and Catherine were happily married for nearly twenty years. However‚ to carry on his line‚ Henry needed a healthy male heir. Unfortunately‚ Catherine gave
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Lecture 2. THE REFORMATION Recap: • Political organisation: and development of Renaissance monarchies‚ move towards centralised orgnans of administration‚ expanded bureaucracies‚ use of media to burnish image of rulers • Renaissance: individualism‚ man as autonomous moral agent‚ capacity to do good or evil • Society: large percentage‚ subsitance existance. Much more space for the divine than today • History as relationship with the past: the process of our own interaction with the pas as
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Europe. In the Catholic kingdom‚ religion was very important and organized. First‚ their religion was the Catholic Christianity‚ and in the church hierarchy‚ there were different classes. The highest class was the pope‚ the second was the bishops‚ and lastly was the priests. Basically‚ the pope was considered to be the ruler of the Christian world (Ellis 193). Just how the Catholic religion was organized‚ so was the feudal system in Western Europe. The feudal systems contained social hierarchy‚ and the
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based on a single speech. Jonathan Philips argues that Pope Urban II’s speech in 1095 had managed to draw together a number of key concerns and trends‚ synthesising them into a “single‚ highly popular idea”‚ which led to the First Crusade. Described often as an ambitious politician‚ it is certain that the Pope intended this to happen‚ for various motives‚ and his audience were ready consumers of the information he proclaimed to them. Pope Urban’s motives for his iconic speech in Clermont were largely
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exertion of power. Thus‚ a spirit of reform came about‚ spearheaded by Pope Gregory VII. He laid out assertions of power that were to be uniform across the Catholic world‚ with such edicts as: The Pope alone would appoint or depose bishops The Pope alone would have his feet kissed by princes The Pope alone could depose emperors None of the Popes judgments could be overturned‚ except by he himself No one could judge the Pope The Pope’s decisions were infallible With such sweeping powers‚ plus
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With the fall of the Roman Empire‚ and leadership within changed. Because of this‚ the position of the papacy would change dramatically in the area of authority and response to threat. The papacy came to be the one living relic of times gone by‚ yet its job title in time would be revamped. The power that the papacy achieved was not quick. Also‚ rather than being a simple and extendable increase in power‚ the power that was achieved came about through a roller coaster of situations. The papacy
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and Jerusalem. The Greek Emperor Alexius didn’t like the idea of the Turks taking over‚ so he went and discussed it with Pope Urban II. The Pope wanted to form a army to fight against the Muslims and take back the holy land. This is when the armies Of Christians from Western Europe answered Pope Urban II’s request of“This assignment was to be a Holy War‚ or crusade. The Pope promised that those who died in this quest would go directly to heaven.” Acrobatiq (2014). Along with the Pope’s promise
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“empire”? The Empire’s beginning started when Pope Leo III crowned Charlemagne‚ King of the Franks at the time‚ emperor of the newly formed state. The prestigious title remained to the Carolingian family until around 888 A.D. and from 896 to 899. During this time of chaos‚ the throne was constantly contested between the various factions of what is now Italy. Many civil wars occurred until the last Italian claim was broken when Berenger died in 924 A.D. Pope John XII crowned the next king‚ Otto‚
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Allegory of Fortune falls into the Baroque period of art when the Catholic church was eagerly acquiring gritty new art by the masses. The chief goal of every aspiring artist in Italy and Spain was to receive acknowledgement and patronage from the Pope. Competition for Papal patronage was fierce‚ and some artists did not take rejection quietly; Rosa was one of these artists. In Rosa’s painting‚ the womanly manifestation of Fortune is the central figure. In her arms she carries a large‚ overturned
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three major societies that were centered around the Mediterranean. The first society was the Catholic Kingdoms which was located in Western Europe (Crusades Map). The Catholic Kingdoms followed Christianity and the pope was established as the spiritual leader of the Roman Catholic Church. Popes also claimed papal supremacy which gave them authority over other secular rulers (Ellis 193). These secular rulers practiced feudalism which was a system where lords divided their land amongst lesser lords‚ also
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