Council of Nicea 325CE – Arianism and Athanasism heresies Outcome – Nicene Creed replaced Apostles Creed Council of Chalcedon 451CE – Supremacy: Bishop of Rome (first called pope) first Patriarch of Constantinople 2nd Heresies: Docetism : [100-200CE] the humanity and sufferings of the earthly Christ
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following abuses conducted by the Catholic Church: The selling of indulgences Pope Leo X (above) sold church positions and indulgences to raise money to rebuild St. Peter’s Basilica in Rome Selling church positions Selling indulgences = certificates issued by the church that reduced or canceled punishment for a person’s sins people would buy them to ensure going to Heaven Luxurious life of the popes Corruption and immorality of some clergy Martin Luther’s Beliefs Salvation = came through
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5. Luther’s answers as delineated in the Confession of Augsburg to the four basic theological issues were the following. When asked how a person is saved‚ Luther said by faith alone. When asked where does religious authority reside‚ Luther said in the Word of God‚ as revealed in the Bible alone. When asked what is the church‚ he said the entire Christian community. Luther said there is no highest form of Christian life‚ all are equal. 6. His violent opposition to the Peasant’s War made his teachings
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exchange for land and protection. This form of government helped the lesser lords. The first estate‚ the pope was the leader of spiritual power. The pope declared papal supremacy‚ which meant he held power over all rulers. That included kings and other high-ranking rulers. Under the pope‚ the archbishop supervised the church activities. The bishops and archbishops were the nobles. The Pope also had his own territories. The church developed Canon law‚ which over looked many aspects of the medieval
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Harvard symbologist Robert Langdon must join forces with scientist Vittoria Vetra in a frantic race to save the Vatican from a powerful bomb which threatens to destroy it and the cardinals who have gathered within the Sistine Chapel to elect the next Pope. Their journey takes them across Rome and into cathedrals‚ secret archives and the Illuminati lair. Along the way‚ they uncover many secrets‚ including who is responsible for the threat to the Vatican. In the end‚ they save the Vatican and the cardinals
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throughout the middle ages. Some of the leaders and their power were either good or bad. All of them had different beliefs and different morals. Not a single one of them were exactly the same. Pope Urban II‚ Pope Innocent III‚ Thomas A Becket are some examples of religious leaders in the middle ages. Pope Urban II was the head of the Roman Catholic church from 1088 to 1099. He launched the Crusade movement‚ and strengthened the papacy as a political entity. “The push of the crusades came when the
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MARTIN LUTHER AND HIS IMPACT ON THE MODERN CHURCH NAME OF STUDENT: SHONDA M. CURB L23934605 CHHI 525-B09 LUO DR. JEFF BRAWNER MARCH 07‚ 2012 TABLE OF CONTENTS COVER PAGE............................................................................................................1 TABLE OF CONTENTS............................................................................................2 INTRODUCTION....................................................................................
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The Protestant Reformation Throughout the Middle Ages the Catholic Church was subject to much criticism and disappointment. The Great Schism brought about a feeling of mistrust and separation. More and more people of Europe were beginning to lose their faith in the church’s leadership. One man by the name of Martin Luther ignited a group of people who believed that the Church had fallen away from the teachings of Jesus and their meanings. They also believed that the Church was overly obsessed
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|HIST208-13B (HAM) | |Religion‚ Superstition & Witchcraft in Early Modern Europe | Early Medieval Period: Mid-5th – mid 9thC (c.450-850CE) Augustine died in 430 as the Vandals were besieging his city of Hippo. Some 20 years before‚ Rome had fallen. In the West the ancient empire was a thing of the past; in
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Roman Catholic Church and the Papal Conclave On 11 February 2013‚ Pope Benedict XVI choose for the first time in almost six centuries to resign the papacy of the Roman Catholic Church instead of passing the responsibility on in death. The last Pope to resign his papacy was Gregory XII in 1415. This paper will discuss the history of the Roman Catholic Church’s belief in and use of the modern day “Papal Conclave”. Throughout this essay‚ there will be several terms used that may be unfamiliar and
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