Between 780 and 800‚ Charlemagne added Bohemia to his empire and subdued the Avars in the middle Danube basin to form a buffer state for the eastern border of his empire. In 800 a rebellion against Pope Leo III began. Charlemagne went to his aid in Rome and defeated the rebellion. As a token of thanks‚ Leo crowned Charlemagne on Christmas Day that year‚ declaring him emperor of the Romans. Although this did not give Charlemagne any new powers‚ it legitimised his rule over his Italian territories and
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Charlemagne was the crowned ruler of "Emperor of the Romans" by Pope Leo III on Christmas Day. The significant is that he was the first over 300 years that Europe was not a broken compound of transferring and competing warrior tribes‚ but instead a collection of stable nation-states. Extreme stability happened when Charlemagne’s Carolingian Frankish Empire was formed. Both parties involvement had different reasons behind the coronation. Pope Leo’s drive for crowning Charles included an opportunity to
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pay indulgences. Secularism spread throughout the lands‚ people began turning on the church. This all went on while the Renaissance was still affecting the European nations. The Roman church fell into a great deal of corruption‚ under Pope Leo X who began spending more money than the church had in its treasury. The German people had grievances‚ brought before the diet‚ they felt that the church was heartless using people’s sins against them. (D4) The economy of the time was a mix of
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Popes gave the option for men and women to buy them for they passed on family members that might be in purgatory. Luther felt that indulgences were useless and disrespectful. In Thesis 37‚ Luther claims that any real Christian‚ dead or living‚ does not need an indulgence to benefit from God‚ where God has granted these true Christians their faith (Gritsch). Pope Leo X hired Johann Tetzel for promoting the sale of indulgences. Tetzel
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Machiavelli-Ideals of the Renaissance: An Analysis of Machiavelli’s principles It has been the general outlook among political philosophers that there is a particular association between moral goodness and legitimate authority. Many authors believed that the use of political power was only correct if it was employed by a ruler whose personal moral character was strictly virtuous. Therefore‚ rulers were advised that if they wanted to be a successful ruler‚ they must behave according to the conventional
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Council of Trent- Pope Paul III 4th step toward reform was to call a great council of church leaders to Trent. Catholic Bishops and Cardinals agreed on several doctrines: 1) Church interpretation of the bible was final anyone who substituted there ideas was a heretic 2) Christians need faith and good works for salvation 3) The Bible and church traditions were both as powerful for guidance 4)Indulgences were valid expressions of faith Annul- Divorce was not allowed however the pope could annul the
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that split up Europe. The protest against the church was not entirely new. In England there had been similar protests in the 14th century: although these had been crushed. Luther gained a lot of support for his ideas. Many people were unhappy with the Pope and the Church. The Reformation began as an attempt to reform the Roman Catholic Church. The Protestant Reformation started in the northern and central parts of Europe. This area was affected because it is further away from the Catholic religious capital
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Social Structure During the Renaissance: Italy vs. China In contemporary western societies‚ social classes are based upon a middle‚ lower‚ and upper class. Today social mobility[1] between these classes is likely if not common; however this has not always been the case. In the time period of the Italian Renaissance[2]‚ the roots of social mobility can be found. Social structure[3] in Italy was based upon Humanism.[4] The power structure[5] of the Medici[6] further supported Humanism and in turn
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Charlemagne Charles the Great Charlemagne‚ or Charles the Great‚ was born in 742 to Pepin the Short and Bertrada of Laon. The oldest of four children‚ Charlemagne rose to great power and significance. He rebuilt the crumbling society of Medieval Europe by introducing numerous social‚ political and cultural reforms in what we now call the Carolingian Renaissance. He became the King of the Franks‚ and gained the title of Holy Roman Emperor. Through many military campaigns‚ he unified northern
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Earliest history There is archaeological evidence of human occupation of the Rome area from approximately 14‚000 years ago‚ but the dense layer of much younger debris obscures Palaeolithic and Neolithic sites.[21] Evidence of stone tools‚ pottery and stone weapons attest to about 10‚000 years of human presence. Several excavations support the view that Rome grew from pastoral settlements on the Palatine Hill built above the area of the future Roman Forum. While some archaeologists argue that Rome
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