‘The beginnings of the Reformation and the principle figures responsible for it’ Group One Maryam Altaf Azka Shahid Maryam Naqqash Contents Preface Acknowledgments Part One * The Roman Catholic Church Part Two * The Early Reformists: From Wycliffe to Erasmus Part Three * Radical Reformists of the 16th Century: From Luther to Calvin Part Four * Literary counterparts of the movement: A look at the work of Dante and Machiavelli Acknowledgements: Will
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the years of 900 and 1200. Pope Leo IX and Pope Gregory VII enforced the church’s laws against simony‚ addressing the corrupt bishops. Other popes then followed them and continued the policy of reform. In later years during the Crusades‚ the Church was made to bear a resemblance to a kingdom in leadership structure. At this time the Curia or the pope’s advisers acted as a court‚ which made the laws of the Church on matters such as marriage. The diplomats for the pope established the pope’s power
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The order of command in the Church: Clergy: Religious officials. The members of the Clergy could usually read and write‚ as oppose to the peasants of the time‚ who most usually could not. All of the Clergy were under the authority of the Pope. Pope: The pope was the head of the Catholic Church. Bishops: The Bishops supervised Local parish priests. Local priests: The local parish priests had the most influence on people as he had more contact with the people of his area. 3. How the Church
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indulgences protestants and other anti-pope figures such as Savonarola‚ Hus‚ Wycliffe‚ and Luther‚ began speaking out of the corruptions and abuses of the church. It it was for the sale of indulgences (purely economic) there would be no reason for the reformation. The sale of indulgances went on for a long while. They were peddled everywhere. They were sold for several reasons‚ such as funding crusades‚ pope pocket money‚ feed the humanistic tasts of the pope. The people recieved salvation‚ were
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certain people and events challenged the structure of society and pushed the Dark Ages towards the Renaissance. The church was the most important part of everyday life back then‚ and it pretty much influenced everything in society at that time. The Pope was held in very high regard‚ which is still true today but not to the same extent as he once was. Section II of “A World Lit Only By Fire” was basically all about the corruption of the church‚ and the ways it changed over time. It takes place between
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the city became known as Constantinople. The bishop of Rome was viewed as the leader of the “church” by this time. The bishop of Byzantium was viewed by many as the new leader. Now there was a competition between the Patriarch in the east and the Pope in the west for dominance over Christianity. This competition was only one of the corruptions that came into the church Then financial‚ moral‚ political‚ and traditional corruptions came to the church Indulgences Transubstantiation Usury‚ simony
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self-governing country inside of Rome. It is a city-state that is its own country. It is also the smallest country in terms of population and area. The pope functions as the head of state in Vatican City‚ but he actually has no real power. The population of Vatican city is 900; this seemingly low number is due to the lack of private residence. The Swiss guard and the pope himself are the only people who live in the city. When we visited Vatican City we saw many of the world’s greatest sites. The bulk of our tour
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through their faith in Jesus Christ. He continued to tell people that Christianity beliefs should not be told by the authority of the Pope but based on the Bible and Christian traditions. After Martin Luther challenged
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Pfeiffer‚ 1 Frederick I “Barbarossa”- The Holy Roman Emperor Throughout the history of human civilization‚ there have been several different empires in different geographical locations. One infamous example of a significant empire in Europe is the Holy Roman Empire. It is undeniable that such a formidable world power could ever come to exist without the help of a devoted and dedicated leader. Throughout the course of his thirty-eight years in power‚ Frederick Barbarossa managed to make several
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as did Charles V‚ but Popes had often viewed councils with suspicion as they could be used to check their power. Previously the outcomes of councils in the early fifteenth century had been less than desirable for the authority of the Pope. Such a council of this significance was the Council of Constance in 1414-1418 which had claimed that supreme authority in the Church lay with the General Councils and not the Pope. Equally‚ a Council could lead to reform and to many Popes this was undesirable as
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