The Reformation: Catholicism As Madonna Ciccone once said‚ “Catholicism is not a soothing religion. It’s a painful religion. We’re all gluttons for punishment.” Roman Catholicism arguably had the most decisive spiritual role in the history of Western Civilization. Its origins can be traced as far back as Jesus Christ and the Apostles. Today‚ the Catholic Church amasses over 11.1 billion members and has developed a sophisticated theology and hierarchy led by the papacy. By examining the Reformation
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Italy. He is also known as Zacharias. He is of Greek ancestry. The son of Polichronius‚ who was a Benedictine monk from Greece‚ was also a cardinal and then a Pope. Saint Zachary followed Pope Gregory III. in 741. Saint Zachary loved the clergy and devoted himself to the people of Rome. In his time‚ there was fighting all over Italy. Pope Zachary kept making Peace and saving the people from the wars. When Saint Zachary learned that Lombards were going to attack Rome he met with the king‚ the attack
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powerfully shaped the Protestant Reformation and the subsequent history of Western Civilization the socio-political situation in Europe‚ the corruption of the Roman Curia and the papacy‚ the new insights of textual criticism and return to sources advocated by renaissance humanism‚ and the impact of the printing press. In actual history‚ these factors combined with Luther’s theological insights to create the “perfect storm” of the Protestant Reformation Long before Luther‚ the peoples of the Holy
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the unrestricted sale of indulgences by pardoners. Popes sold the indulgences‚ which were suppose to forgive people’s sins. The Pardoner‚ the main character in the “Pardoner’s Tale” preaches to villagers about sin and collects money. When telling the story‚ the Pardoner gives an example of three rioters
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Charlemagne was way ahead of his time in many aspects. Though granting the church complete independence he watched over their actions like a vulture flying over fresh death . Promoting social stability and implementing hierarchical order in addition with being seen through spectacles of reverence‚ this was a huge advantage to himself using the church as a backbone to lay his own foundation. Charlemagne holds a unique position in the history of the Christian church. If he had not stood on his bloodthirsty
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Council of Nicea 325CE – Arianism and Athanasism heresies Outcome – Nicene Creed replaced Apostles Creed Council of Chalcedon 451CE – Supremacy: Bishop of Rome (first called pope) first Patriarch of Constantinople 2nd Heresies: Docetism : [100-200CE] the humanity and sufferings of the earthly Christ
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following abuses conducted by the Catholic Church: The selling of indulgences Pope Leo X (above) sold church positions and indulgences to raise money to rebuild St. Peter’s Basilica in Rome Selling church positions Selling indulgences = certificates issued by the church that reduced or canceled punishment for a person’s sins people would buy them to ensure going to Heaven Luxurious life of the popes Corruption and immorality of some clergy Martin Luther’s Beliefs Salvation = came through
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5. Luther’s answers as delineated in the Confession of Augsburg to the four basic theological issues were the following. When asked how a person is saved‚ Luther said by faith alone. When asked where does religious authority reside‚ Luther said in the Word of God‚ as revealed in the Bible alone. When asked what is the church‚ he said the entire Christian community. Luther said there is no highest form of Christian life‚ all are equal. 6. His violent opposition to the Peasant’s War made his teachings
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exchange for land and protection. This form of government helped the lesser lords. The first estate‚ the pope was the leader of spiritual power. The pope declared papal supremacy‚ which meant he held power over all rulers. That included kings and other high-ranking rulers. Under the pope‚ the archbishop supervised the church activities. The bishops and archbishops were the nobles. The Pope also had his own territories. The church developed Canon law‚ which over looked many aspects of the medieval
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Harvard symbologist Robert Langdon must join forces with scientist Vittoria Vetra in a frantic race to save the Vatican from a powerful bomb which threatens to destroy it and the cardinals who have gathered within the Sistine Chapel to elect the next Pope. Their journey takes them across Rome and into cathedrals‚ secret archives and the Illuminati lair. Along the way‚ they uncover many secrets‚ including who is responsible for the threat to the Vatican. In the end‚ they save the Vatican and the cardinals
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