NORTH- ~)IJAND Cost Economies in EU Banking Systems Yener Altunbas and Philip Molyneux This paper examines the cost structure of four EU banking systems using the translog cost function methodology. The results indicate strong evidence of economies of scale across all output sizes for the French‚ German and Spanish systems. In contrast‚ the Italian system appears to exhibit constant and diseconomies of scale. Costs also appear to be subadditive across all output ranges apart from the Italian
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10. CybAero AB Porter Five Forces analysis (Aerospace and Defense Industry) Threat of substitute products and services: MEDIUM There are currently many alternatives to aircraft travel‚ including cars‚ rail‚ and ship. Depending on distance‚ air travel has a significant advantage as far as speed and convenience. High speed rail may be a significant competitor. Also‚ as more people use the internet to teleconference‚ air travel may become less necessary in the business community. Other aerospace products
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was‚ What is Strategy? By Michael Porter. In this article Porter talks about the abilities to set objectives‚ facilitate resources and the ability to target the right customers. Porter goes onto talk about operational efficiency. He says that operational efficiency is basically preforming similar tasks better than your rivals in the market. He emphases being different than your rival‚ don’t try to be better and always out do them‚ be different and unique. Porter stresses that to have a competitive
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The European Union should not let Turkey join the EU. The negotiations between Turkey and the European Union to join the European Union began already in October 2005. There are many arguments for allowing Turkey join the EU‚ but there are at least as many arguments against it. Should Turkey be allowed to join the EU (Rosenberg‚ Turkey in the European Union‚ 2008)? Many proponents think that Turkey’s location might be useful for the future. It can serve as a bridge between Europe and the Islamic
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assessing any industry that they are currently in or are thinking about entering into. Assessing the industry in this manner reveals why the industry is profitable (Porter‚ 2008) and is an essential part of a well developed business strategy. The main points of the article consist of an assessment of each of the five competitive forces that Porter believes shape competition. The first force is threat of new entrants. One of the most important things to consider under this category is what they call “barriers
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This essay will present the notion of supremacy in the context of the recent developments in Europe afterr the enlargement and provide correspondence from the European constitution to EU law implemented in Member States. The key aim of this essay is to express the idea that supremacy in EU law is evolving rapidly‚ becoming a concept open for discussion‚ which shapes a new order in the constitutional jurisprudence of natural courts within various Member States. Has it been easy for Member
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TABLE OF CONTENTS Section 1 Introduction 1 Section 2 EU LAW – Primary Legislation 2 2.1 Treaty of Rome 2 2.2 The Single European Act 2 2.3 The Maastricht Treaty 3 2.4 The Amsterdam Treaty 3 2.5 The Nice Treaty 3 2.6 The Lisbon Treaty 3 Section 3 EU LAW – Secondary Legislation 3.1 Regulations 4 3.2 Directives 4 3.3 Decisions 5 3.4 Recommendations‚ Opinions and Resolutions 5 Section 4 Crotty v. An Taoiseach - A Landmark Case. 7 Conclusion 9
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INTRODUCTION A framework for diagnosing industry structure‚ built around five competitive forces that erode long-term industry average profitability. The industry structure framework can be applied at the level of the industry‚ the strategic group (or group of firms with similar strategies) or even the individual firm. Its ultimate function is to explain the sustainability of profits against bargaining and against direct and indirect competition. IN RESPECT TO THE INFLUENCE OF GOVERNMENT: Laws
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Introduction Over time‚ both the volume and complexity of employment law that originates in the EU has grown considerably. When the UK joined the European Economic Community (EEC) in 1973‚ membership brought with it few requirements in the field of employment regulation. The Treaty of Rome contained an article committing member states to enforce the principle of equal pay for equal work between men and women‚ but this was already in the process of being introduced in the UK at that time. Later
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3.0 PORTER’S FIVE FORCES ANALYSIS 3.1 Rivalry among existing competitors: Padini is currently facing the highest level of rivalry from its competitor due to a large number of competitors operating in the same industry as the company. Nowadays‚ more of the company has expanded its scale in order to rivalry fit. Many companies now are more advanced in terms of scale‚ they will have to compete for the similar products and services such as brand image‚ customers’ loyalty‚ and other factor. This would
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