Report No. 26072-PK Pakistan: Oil and Gas Sector Review July 10‚ 2003 Oil and Gas Policy Division Oil‚ Gas‚ Mining and Chemicals Department Private Sector Development and Infrastructure Document of the World Bank Currency Equivalents Currency Unit = Rupees (Rs) Rs. 1.00 = Paisa 100 US$1.00 = Rs. 58.35 * Rs. 1.0 = US$0.017138 Rs. 1‚000‚000 = US$17‚138 *As of December 31‚ 2002 Measures And Equivalents 1 Kilometer (km) 1 Cubic Meter (m3) 1 Cubic Meter (m3) 1 Thousand Cubic Feet
Premium Petroleum
As an industry dealing with services‚ Tune.com Hotel has its structure that shapes the competition within tourism industry in term of positioning the company to cope best with both the industry environment and to influence the environment in favor of the company (Pearce & Robinson‚ p. 95). There are 5 forces analysis in driving industry competition advocated by Michael E. Porter‚ they are some general principle that applicable for any type of business‚ particularly for Tune.com Hotel Company set
Premium Hotel Hotel chains Tune Ventures
Michael Porter developed five different forces in a framework he felt influenced industries. This framework was designed to help companies find ways to off-set a rival company and to help develop a more solid business plan. It has been known over the years a rivalry has existed been two of the biggest soda companies‚ Coca Cola and Pepsi. Three of Porter’s forces that are exemplified in this “coke war” are buyer power‚ barriers to entry‚ and rivalry which will be explained and elaborated on in
Premium Soft drink Coca-Cola Pepsi
Oil and gas conservation means their better and more efficient use with regard to economic‚ social or environment costs and benefits resulting minimization of wastage and protection of environment. A very high priority is attached by the government to conservation of petroleum products in view of the need to reduce increasing gap between demand for and supply of oil and petroleum products. Government has initiated various steps to promote conservation of petroleum products in the different sectors
Premium Petroleum
recently seen when BlackBerry struggled to get native applications for the launch of the Z10. - The Bargaining Power of Suppliers for Blackberry has increased‚ due to Blackberry’s eroding market share. Firms who dominate the mobile communications industry‚ such as Apple and Samsung‚ have relatively higher bargaining power‚ because their larger product orders account for more of the suppliers business. Bargaining Power of BUYERS: High/Moderately High/ - Large numbers of competitors with simpler
Premium Smartphone Mobile phone
New Venture Porter five forces – the pure competition model implies that the risk adjusted rate of return should be constant across firms and industries. However‚ there is number of economic studies have affirmed that different industry could sustain different levels of profitability. Part of the difference is explained by industry structure. Michael Porter has provided a framework to identify an industry as being influenced by five forces (Anon‚ 2010). Barriers to entry It can be complicated
Premium China Customer Chinese people
With Porter five forces framework‚ we identify the sources of competition facing IBM:-1.Threat of new entrantsHigh capital requirement needed to fund R&D and assets make the threat of new entrants relatively low. IBM spends large amount of funds annually for R&D‚ in order to constantly introduce new high-technology and innovative products and solutions to market to maintain its’ competitiveness‚Tougher for new entrants to achieve economies of scale due to experience curve effect. In addition‚ Consumers’
Premium Strategic management
Business Situation No matter which industry your business is in‚ you can assess the forces that influence your business‚ including its strengths and weaknesses‚ using this set of five Market Forces‚ in order to leapfrog over your competition by better understanding the industry you and your rivals operate in. Created by Harvard Business School professor Michael Porter to analyze the attractiveness and likelihood of profitability of an industry‚ Porter’s Five Forces are a simple but powerful tool for understanding
Premium Business school Coca-Cola Management
Porters 5 forces Understanding the Tool When looking at and trying to understand porters 5 forces the below must be understood and taken into consideration 1. The power of the suppliers. This means that if you have few supplier choices and the supplier provides key parts and services to you‚ you a very reliant on this supplier and they can dictate terms and price to you on the other hand if you have a wide choice of supplier you are in a better position to negotiate price and terms as you can change
Premium Barriers to entry Marketing Competitor analysis
Midstream Gas Processing Frac Spread What is it? Why is it important? The Midstream Value Chain Gathering / Processing NGLs Fractionation Transportation Storage Marketing Chemicals‚ fuels‚ blend stocks Residue Gas Transportation Storage Marketing Utilities‚ industrial Most Raw gas produced at the wellhead is not pipeline quality Must be processed Ethane Propane Normal Butane IsoButane Natural Gasoline How midstream companies make money Gathering – fee/ commodity based Processing
Premium Natural gas Financial ratio Generally Accepted Accounting Principles