CHRONOLOGY OF ORGANIZATION THEORY AND MANAGEMENT PRACTICES APPROXIMATE YEAR | INDIVIDUAL OR ETHNIC GROUPS | MAJOR MANAGERIAL CONTRIBUTION | 5000 BC | Sumerians | Established written records for both government and commercial use | 4000-2000 BC | Egyptians | Recognized need for forecasting‚ planning‚ organizing‚ and controlling. Employed inventory practices‚ sales ledgers‚ taxes‚ developed bureaucracy for agriculture and construction‚ i.e‚ pyramids; employed full-time administrators. | 4000
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NATIONAL OPEN UNIVERSITY OF NIGERIA COURSE CODE : POL 123 COURSE TITLE: INTRODUCTION TO PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION COURSE GUIDE POL 123 INTRODUCTION TO PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION Course Team Dr. Justice Igbokwe (Writer) - NDC Dr. C. Nna-Emeka Okereke (Editor) - NDC Ifeyinwa M. Ogbonna-Nwaogu (Coordinator) - NOUN NATIONAL OPEN UNIVERSITY OF NIGERIA ii POL 123 COURSE GUIDE National Open University of Nigeria Headquarters 14/16 Ahmadu Bello Way Victoria Island Lagos Abuja Office
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Chapter 1 Introduction and methodology This is an age of information and communication technology (ICT)‚ where information is power and an essential basis of human progress. A library as the heart of an academic institution store‚ compile and provide information to users as when necessary. “Internet”‚ the epoch making creation of modern science‚ has extended this effort a lot which has crossed the boundaries of a library‚ a state‚ a country and even a continent. It has opened up a new horizon
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Chapter 1 An era of change The traditional model of public administration (which dominated most of the 20th century changed since the mid-1980s to a flexible‚ market based form of public management. (not only a change in management style‚ but also in role of government in society and the relationship between government and citizenry). Traditional public administration has been discredited theoretically and practically -adoption of new forms of public management means the emergence of a new
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Contents EVOLUTION OF PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION AS A DISCIPLINE AND ITS PRESENT STATUS: 2 Historical Evolution: 6 PARADIGMS OF PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION: 9 Evolution of Public Administration 15 Period I (1887 – 1926) Public Administration Dichotomy : 15 Period II (1927 - 1937) Principles of Administration : 16 Period III (1938 – 1947) Era of Challenge : 17 Period IV (1948 - 1970) Public Administration As Management: 17 Organizational development: 19 Period V(1971 - Continuing :Public
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MASTER OF TOURISM ADMINISTRATION (M.T.A.)* (Course Curriculum) Department of History of Art Faculty of Arts BANARAS HINDU UNIVERSITY VARANASI – 221005 [pic] *Offered at B.H.U Main Campus and R.G.S.C. Barkachha (for Batch 2011 & Batch 2012) Semester Layout |First Semester | |Course Code |Course
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Concept‚ nature and significance of management 1) Nature‚ concept and significance of management 2) Functions and principles of management 3) Development of management thought MEANING AND DEFINITION OF MANAGEMENT Management is the process by which a co-operative group directs action towards a common goal. By Joseph Messie To manage is to forecast and plan‚ to organize‚ to command‚ to coordinate and to control. By Henri Fayol Management is the art of knowing what you want men
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UNIT I ------------------------------------------------- Fundamentals of Management Meaning of Management- Management is the art of getting things done by a group of people with the effective utilization of available resources. An individual cannot be treated as a managing body running any organization. A minimum of two persons are essential to form a management. These persons perform the functions in order to achieve the objectives of an organization. Management is the group of activities
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Chapter 1 Introduction of management Management is a universal phenomenon. It is a very popular and widely used term. All organizations - business‚ political‚ cultural or social are involved in management because it is the management which helps and directs the various efforts towards a definite purpose. According to Harold Koontz‚ “Management is an art of getting things done through and with the people in formally organized groups. It is an art of creating an environment in which people can
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Project Report On “THE GENERAL BANKING FUNCTION” Prepared By: Vishal Panchal B.B.A. 3rd Year Submitted to: Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar Open Univercity July 2007 ❖ DECLARATION I‚ Kamaliya Paresh A.‚ hereby declare that the Summer Project Report work undergone at Rajkot Nagarik Sahakari Bank Ltd..‚ presented is carried by my own experiences and observation in the bank. This Summer Project Report is submitted as a part of Management study curriculum and as partial fulfilment
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