UNITED NATIONS RESEARCH INSTITUTE FOR SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT Information Technology‚ Globalization and Social Development Manuel Castells UNRISD Discussion Paper No. 114‚ September 1999 The United Nations Research Institute for Social Development (UNRISD) is an autonomous agency engaging in multidisciplinary research on the social dimensions of contemporary problems affecting development. Its work is guided by the conviction that‚ for effective development policies to be formulated‚ an understanding
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What is Marketing : The word Marketing in narrow sense is used as the sum up of selling process. Now a days marketing is considered as managing profitable customer relationships. Hence‚ we define marketing as the process by which companies create value for customers and build strong customer relationships in order to capture value from customers in return. Here the figure 1.1 presents a simple five step model of the marketing process. In the first four steps companies work to understand consumers
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BRAND CANNIBALIZATION: EAT OR BE EATEN With increasing commoditization of brands‚ differentiation is hard to come in every industry. Consumers are now flooded with options‚ single company having several brands in same product category. Positioning‚ targeting‚ segmenting can serve as strategies no more. Rather it is the basic hygiene which any company needs to follow if it needs to sustain in the race for market share. So‚ what should a marketer adopt as a strategy? There are unconventional
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Reed’s Supermarket Strategic Positioning What is Reed’s Position in the Columbus Market? Reed’s Regional Supermarkets’ Chain has been considered as high end in the supermarket food retail industry‚ since the past two decades. They have managed to steadily acquire 14-15 % of the intensely competitive Columbus market share throughout the past five years‚ with a good strongly competitive edge‚ yet still a challengeable position with all those new market entries & evolving generations of rivalry
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Positioning Strategies in Business Markets An executive summary for managers and executive readers can be found at the end of this article Positioning strategies in business markets Stavros P. Kalafatis Markos H. Tsogas Charles Blankson Professor of Business Marketing‚ Kingston Business School‚ Kingston-upon-Thames‚ Surrey‚ UK Senior Lecturer‚ Kingston Business School‚ Kingston-upon-Thames‚ Surrey‚ UK Assistant Professor‚ Grand Valley State University‚ Allendale‚ Michigan‚ USA Keywords
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of Company Gap‚ Inc. is an apparel retailer consisting of five brands: Gap‚ Banana Republic‚ Old Navy‚ Piperlime and Athleta. The Gap was founded in the early 1970’s for a period sold Levi Strauss & Co. blue jeans. Gap entered the international markets in the late 1980’s and reached the peak of its success in the 1990’s. Gap was the largest pure apparel company in the world‚ with a growing international empire and significant brand recognition for each of its companies. However Gap’s period of
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SEGMENTATION – TARGETING – POSITIONING Fragmentation of mass markets segments Consumers: variety of needs & preferences Marketers: offer variety of choices via multitude of marketing offerings Marketing segmentation: Needs Action Linking market needs to an org’s marketing program Market needs Segmentation/Targeting MM A market segment: Group of consumers with homogenous profile & common needs will similarly respond to a marketing program Segmentation – targeting – positioning 1 Using market-product
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Global Positioning System Abstract- Global Positioning System (GPS) is the only system today able to show ones own position on the earth any time in any weather‚ anywhere. This paper addresses this satellite based navigation system at length. The different segments of GPS viz. space segment‚ control segment‚ user segment are discussed. In addition‚ how this amazing system GPS works‚ is clearly described. The various errors that degrade the performance of GPS are also
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Creating Brand Equity GENERAL CONCEPT QUESTIONS Multiple Choice 1. At the heart of a successful brand is ________‚ backed by creatively designed and executed marketing. a. price b. promotion c. a great product or service d. a great slogan e. a brand concept Answer: c Page: 273 Level of difficulty: Easy 2. The strategic branch management process involves four main steps. Which of the following would NOT be among those steps? a. Measuring consumer brand knowledge
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Financial Statement Differentiation Paper ACC/HC561 Financial Statement Differentiation Paper Financial statements are what companies use to give management‚ creditors‚ and investors information about the financial stability of their organization. This is one way for the company to measure and quantify their financial performance. Throughout the paper the discussion will be based on the four types of financial statements and who would benefit from them. The Four types of Financial
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