BUFFER SOLUTIONS CONTENTS 1. Introductions. 2. Principles of buffering. 3. Applications a. Simple buffering agents. b. "Universal" buffer mixtures. c. Common buffer compounds used in biology. 4. Buffer capacity. 5. Calculating buffer pH a. Monoprotic acids. b. Polyprotic acids. 6. Biblography. INTRODUCTION A buffer is an aqueous
Free PH Buffer solution Acid dissociation constant
A buffer solution can maintains a narrow range of pH even when strong acid are added. In our experiment‚ we can see water is not a buffer‚ water can undergo very big changes when small amounts of strong acid or strong bases are added. When the strong acid‚ 100µl HCl was added into the dd water‚ the pH value changed from 7.38 to 5.83 which mean the dd water has turn into acid. The same phenomenon occurs while strong base‚ 100µl NaOH was added into the dd water. The pH value changed from 7.07 to 9
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Problems and Solutions 1 CHAPTER 1—Problems 1.1 Problems on Bonds Exercise 1.1 On 12/04/01‚ consider a fixed-coupon bond whose features are the following: • face value: $1‚000 coupon rate: 8% • coupon frequency: semiannual • maturity: 05/06/04 • What are the future cash flows delivered by this bond? Solution 1.1 1. The coupon cash flow is equal to $40 8% × $1‚000 = $40 2 It is delivered on the following future dates: 05/06/02‚ 11/06/02‚ 05/06/03‚ 11/06/03 and 05/06/04. The redemption value
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Course Outline: “Change is inevitable‚ except from the Vending Machine” as the saying goes! Gone are the days that we were living in a linear world. We could predict and pre-act things in an orderly fashion. Today‚ we recognize that we live in a nonlinear world. We realize that changes sweeping the nations‚ economies and corporations are far deeper and longer-lasting. Being nimble‚ fast and change-ready has become a mantra for survival‚ if not for success. Capacity for change and transformation
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Ethical Position Statement What does it mean to truly eat ethically? Is it even possible? My answer yes‚ but in moderation. To be ethical means to be morally alert while pursuing an action. So connecting this to food I would say that eating ethically means to consider economics‚ conveniency‚ nutrition‚ and morals while purchasing or consuming a food. What I would consider an ethical meal is something that includes a balance of protein and vegetables. These items could possibly be purchased at a
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1.John is twice as old as his friend Peter. Peter is 5 years older than Alice. In 5 years‚ John will be three times as old as Alice. How old is Peter now? 2. John’s father is 5 times older than John and John is twice as old as his sister Alice. In two years time‚ the sum of their ages will be 58. How old is John now? 3. Joan is 3 times as old as her sister. In 3 yeas ‚ shee will be two years more than twice the age her sister will be then. What are their ages? 4. Kevin is 4 years older than
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Solutions for Homelessness This great nation of awesome power and abundant resources is losing the battle against homelessness. The casualties can be seen on the street corners of every city in American holding an "I will work for food" sign. Homeless shelters and rescue missions are at full capacity. There is no room at the inn for the nation’s indigent. Anyone who has studied this issue understands that homelessness is a complex problem. Communities continue to struggle with this socio-economic
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Electrolytic Solutions Solutions are sometimes grouped according to their ability to conduct electricity. Substances whose solutions conduct electricity are called electrolytes and those that do not conduct electricity are called nonelectrolytes. Also electrolytes can be strong or weak. Under strong electrolytes we have NaCl and CaCl2 which are ionic compounds‚ HCI‚ HNO3‚ HBr and H2SO4 are under acids and NaOH‚ KOH‚ and LiOH are under bases. Weak electrolytes are ionic compounds and slightly
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Analysis‚ communication‚ Analysis‚ communication Analysis‚ communication Analysis 5‚ 8 6 8 3–5 Communication‚ judgment Analysis Analysis‚ communication‚ Analysis‚ communication 4‚ 5 Analysis‚ communication‚ © The McGraw-Hill Companies‚ Inc.‚ 2012 Overview Exercises 6.14 6.15 Problems Sets A‚ B 6.1 A‚B
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OUTLINE SOLUTIONS Regression Modelling (ST2210) Internal test (30%) 12th November 2010 KNumber Name Course Duration: 90 mins Instructions: Answer all questions in the spaces provided – (you may use backs of sheets and/or additional paper if required) This is a CLOSED BOOK test. You can consult the test paper‚ KU tables and the attached output ONLY. You may use an approved calculator. Use a 5% level of significance (α = 5%) where appropriate. Fanfare International
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