research design. There are four sets of assumptions concerning the knowledge claims; post-positivism‚ constructivism‚ advocacy/participatory‚ and pragmatism (Creswell‚ 2003). .However‚ most ongoing social research is based on two major approaches‚ positivism and interpretivism. Positivism is the oldest and most widely used approach. It is broadly defined as the approach of natural sciences. In contrast to positivism‚ interpretive researchers see that the goal of social research is to develop an understanding
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Focus groups are a prominent method of enquiry‚ regularly used within the field of social science and in particular‚ qualitative research. The focus group practice involves a number of participants having an open discussion on a specific topic‚ set by a researcher. The researcher acts as a moderator to aid discussion by using probes to collect desirable data. This process is recorded and transcripts are used to interpret and analyse given information. Carson et al (2001‚ p.114) refers to focus
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Bryman and Bell: Business Research Methods: 3e Chapter 1 Business Research Strategies Authored by Tom Owens The Ultimate Answer • http://youtu.be/FMGWy6dxf8k © 2010 Cengage Learning. All rights reserved. May not be scanned‚ copied or duplicated‚ or posted to a publically accessible website‚ in whole or in part. 1– • Business Research Methodology © 2010 Cengage Learning. All rights reserved. May not be scanned‚ copied or duplicated‚ or posted to a publically accessible website‚ in whole
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|[pic] | | | | | |Faculty of Business Environment and Society (BES)
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observations. | Sources of data‚ including Questionnaires‚ Interviews‚ Participant and non-participant observations‚ Experiments‚ Documents and Official Statistics – Strengths and Limitations of these sources.The relationship between Positivism and Interpretivism and sociological methods – the nature of social facts | Questionnaires: Advantages: 1. Can reach large sample 2. Personal influence of researcher in sight 3. Produces Quantitative‚ reliable and representative data.Dis- advantages:
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Evaluation of microfinance and women empowerment: Case study on Grameen Bank in Northern Bangladesh Chapter One: Overview Where there is informal economy condition of developing countries‚ women face a comparative disadvantage. In the northern area of Bangladesh‚ economic conditions forced rural women to adopt microfinance (credit and savings) as one major strategy for self reliance. Women go through relatively much more hardship than men in countries that are striving towards economic growth
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2 (1) 1992‚ p 13-23. Trochim‚ W. (2006). Positivism and post-positivism. Retrieved Nov. 11/08 from website: http://www.socialresearchmethods.net/kb/positvsm.php Wallen‚ N Walker‚ J.‚ & and Evers‚ C. (1988). The epistemological unity of educational research. In J.P.Keeves (Ed.)‚ Educational research methodology and measurement: An international handbook (p28-36). Pergamon Press: Sydney‚ NSW. Weber‚ R. (2004). The rhetoric of positivism versus interpretivism: A personal view. MIS Quarterly March 2004
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form a part of the research (Ponterotto‚ 2010‚ p.583). According to Guba and Lincoln (as cited in Ponterotto‚ 2005‚ p.128) there are four main research paradigms: postpositivism‚ constructivism-interpretivism and the critical-ideological and positivism perspective. Of these four paradigms‚ positivism is solely adopted in the quantitative approach‚ whereas the three remaining
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Many terms have been used in connection with conceptual contexts for research‚ including theories‚ Models‚ frameworks‚ schemes and maps. There is some overlap in how these terms are being used‚ partly because they are used differently by different writers‚ partly because they are interrelated. Theories The term theory is used in many ways. For example‚ nursing instructors and students frequently use the term to refer to the content covered in classrooms‚ as opposed to the actual practice of
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social scientists which follows a systematic plan. The emphasis is on the collection of data that is valid reliable and dependable. There are two broad traditions that have been highlighted in the study of sociology which are positivism and interpretivism. Positivism suggests that the scientific study of human is possible using the methods and procedures of natural science such as observation‚ multivariate analysis and correlation. In social sciences a universal generalization about a class
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