Overview Snake venom is the poison fluid normally secreted by venomous snakes when biting. It is produced in the glands‚ and injected by the fangs. Snake venom is used to immobilize and/or kill prey‚ and used secondarily in defence. It is a clear‚ viscous fluid of amber or straw colour. There are two main types of venom produced by snakes‚ containing primarily either: *Neurotoxins - these attack the nervous system. *Hemotoxins - these attack the circulatory system. While most snakes’ venom contains
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Neurotransmitters Neurotransmitters are chemicals made by neurons and used by them to transmit signals to the other neurons or non-neuronal cells (e.g.‚ skeletal muscle; myocardium‚ pineal glandular cells) that they innervate. The neurotransmitters produce their effects by being released into synapses when their neuron of origin fires (i.e.‚ becomes depolarized) and then attaching to receptors in the membrane of the post-synaptic cells. This causes changes in the fluxes of particular ions across
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terms depolarization and action potential mean the same thing? The terms depolarization and action potential differ because are excitable cells that communicate by transmitting electrical impulses that are capable of producing rapid electrical signals and depolarization in the interior surface of the membrane which becomes less negative and the exterior surface becomes less positive. Additionally‚ when depolarization reaches a certain threshold‚ an action potential is initiated and the polarity
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Unit 5 Biology notes Contents Section 9.1 – Sensory Reception 3 Section 9.2 – Nervous Control 4 Section 9.3 – Control of heart rate 5 Section 9.4 – Role of receptors 6 Section 10.1 – Coordination 8 Section 10.2 – Neurons 10 Section 10.3 – The nerve impulse 11 Section 10.5 – The speed of a nerve impulse 12 Section 10.6/10.7 – Structure and function of the synapse / Transmission across
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answered: a. one contractile response to a single action potential. 010/17/12 page 1 Experiment Results Predict Question: Predict Question: Will changes to the stimulus voltage alter the duration of the latent period? Your answer : a. Yes‚ changing the stimulus voltage will change the latent period duration proportionately. Stop & Think Questions: What is the period of time that elapses between the generation of an action potential and the start of muscle tension development in a muscle
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transmission of action potentials from one neuron to another. A chemical called acetylcholine is the neurotransmitter released from the presynaptic neuron. As the postsynaptic cells on the muscle cell membrane receive the acetylcholine‚ the channels for the cations sodium and potassium are opened. These cations produce a net depolarization of the cell membrane and this electrical signal travels along the muscle fibers. Through the movement of calcium ions‚ the muscle action potential is taken into actual
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How do muscles move the skeleton? Contract How may possible gametes with A/A? one What process is blocked by operons/prokaryotes? Transcription What is the least involved in translation? DNA In the picture of muscle contraction‚ know what bands decrease in size and which ones stay the same. When the muscle contracts the sarcomere gets smaller and the area between myosin filaments. What are the net products of glycolysis? ATP‚ NADH‚ Pyruvic Acid What are the net products of cellular respiration
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“The Ideal Person” Nietzsche’s Ubermensch concept of the “ideal person” was able to achieve self-actualization‚ and has developed himself holistically. What Nietzsche meant by achieving self-actualization was to achieve one’s full potential through creativity‚ independence‚ spontaneity‚ and a grasp on the real world. I see an ideal person as someone who surrounds themselves with happiness and love even with no money or fame. Most people consider the ideal person beautiful and rich. But as
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Running Head: SYNAPTIC TRANSMISSION Synaptic Transmission Grand Canyon University PCN 310 Synaptic Transmission They can proceed in several ways‚ both presynaptically and postsynaptically. They can influence how vesicles issue neurotransmitters‚ how neurotransmitters are cleaved/reuptake‚ they can hinder receptors‚ destroy receptors‚ and agonistically join to receptors which mimic the neurotransmitter. These are a few. Synapses are vital to the function of the nervous system. The most
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occurs from presynaptic to postsynaptic cell Flow of information: synapse -> dendrite -> soma -> axon -> synapse Lecture 2 – Chapters 4 & 5 Ion channels and signalling - ions are separated by cell membrane; when ion channels are opened‚ ions flow -> generating electrical signals -> so neurons can communicate info through these electrical signals - neurons generate a constant negative voltage across membrane: the rmp - an AP abolishes the –ve rmp‚ making membrane potential transiently positive - we
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