The Nervous System: Membrane Potential 1. Record the intracellular and extracellular concentrations of the following ions (mM/L): | Intracellular | Extracellular | Sodium (Na+) | 15 | 150 | Potassium (K+) | 150 | 5 | Chloride (Cl–) | 10 | 125 | 2. Excitable cells‚ like neurons‚ are more permeable to K+ than to Na+. 3. How would the following alterations affect the membrane permeability to K+? Use arrows to indicate the change in permeability. a. An increase in the number of passive
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event an electrical signal is propagated through the length of the axon of a motor nerve. This electrical signal‚ also propagated through ion channels‚ causes the opening of calcium ion channels. These calcium ion channels ‚ guided by the membrane potential‚allow calcium ions to diffuse into the axon terminal of the motor neuron. As more calcium ions travel into the axon of the motor neuron‚ synaptic vesicles begin to form around acetylcholine and leave the axon of the motor neuron‚ entering the synaptic
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very top of the monument. A nickel with a mass of 0.005 kg is in her shirt pocket. What is the gravitational potential energy (GPE) of the nickel at the top of the monument? 8.30 J C. What is the kinetic energy (KE) of the nickel in her shirt pocket at the top of the monument? 0 D. If the nickel accidentally falls out of her pocket‚ what will happen to the gravitational potential energy (GPE) of the nickel as it falls to the ground? It will be converted into kinetic energy E. If the
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Compound action potentials can be graded responses. True 2. The sciatic nerve contains axons of both afferent and efferent neurones. True 3. The absolute refractory period of an action potential is the period after an initial stimulus when it is impossible to evoke another action potential with a second stimulus. True 4. The refractory periods of individual axons are important as they dictate the maximal action potential firing rate of a neuron. True 5. Compound action potentials represent the algebraic
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of physics is the energy. The universe possesses energy and matter. For simplicity‚ matter is a substance and energy is used to move these substances. Energy is appearing in various forms. Among those are kinetic‚ gravitational potential‚ elastic potential‚ electric potential‚ thermal‚ chemical‚ etc. Work‚ on the other hand‚ is the change in energy from one form to another by means of an external force. When work is done on an object‚ therefore‚ the object is said to have either gained or lost a certain
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that a change in gravitational potential energy is related to work done In order to a change in an object’s gravitational potential energy in a gravitational field‚ work must be done to achieve this. I.e. To be able to move an object within a gravitational field‚ work must be exerted on the object in order to make it move. Work must be done in order to transform the energy of an object into a different entity so that is can move. In this case‚ from gravitational potential energy to kinetic energy.
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energy these are: 1. Potential energy 2. Kinetic energy Potential energy Potential energy is energy stored due to position. The following are some example in which potential energy can be found. 1. Wound-up spring When a spring of a dock work toy car unwinds‚ the stored energy in the spring drives the wheels and the car moves. The wound-up spring is said to posse potential energy. 2. A raised object An object raised to a height above the Earth’s surface posse potential energy due to its position
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the foods we consume (Serway & Vuille‚ 2012). In this experiment the focus is mainly on mechanical energy‚ which is the sum of kinetic energy‚ the energy associated with motion‚ and potential energy‚ the energy associated with relative position. The sum of the kinetic energy and the gravitational potential energy remains constant at all times and hence is a conserved quantity (Serway & Vuille‚ 2012). In physics‚ work is done only if an object is moved through some displacement while a
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threshold that has to be reached for action potential to be detected. For example‚ if resting membrane potential of a neuron is -70 mV and sodium ions are added it would cause the voltage to drift toward -55mV because the equilibrium potential for sodium is +60 mV. However‚ a few sodium ions would not cause the voltage to change. An extensive amount of sodium ions has to be added to the dendrite of a neuron to drop the voltage to -55 mV. When the membrane potential shifts from -70 mV towards -55 mV it is
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1. Why don’t the terms depolarization and action potential mean the same thing? They require different things. Action potential requires depolarization and repolarization. Depolarization doesn’t require anything. 2. What was the threshold voltage in Activity 1? 3.0V 3. What was the effect of increasing the voltage? How does this change correlate to changes in the nerve? The action potential increases. 4. How did the action potential generated with the unheated rod compare to the that
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