NaOH ---- R-C-O-Na+ + R’OH Ester(fat) + base(caustic soda) ---- salt of fatty acid(soap) + alcohol(glycerol). Caustic potash (potassium hydroxide) can be used instead of caustic soda (sodium hydroxide)but is more expensive. The base used to come from wood ash containing potassium carbonate which formed potash as this was not plentiful it made soap a luxury. The cheapest source of the ester is animal and vegetable fats and oils. H-H-H-H-H-H-H-H-H-H-H-H-H-H-H
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been wearing gloves when he set the table again because he left traces of sodium‚ carbon‚ iron‚ and gold. When the Murderer saw his chance‚ he took it. (7:25)Right when the table had been set and no one was around he slipped the Potassium cyanide into Dustys cup. Now potassium cyanide is a hard thing to come by and only someone who had worked with it for many years would have known the right amount to give to Dusty to make him drop dead.(7:35) Dusty returns down stairs to finish his breakfast. (7:40)
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Faith Tuma Mr. Tuckey 13/05/14 Honours Chemistry 11 Sleuth Your Slurry Abstract: This labaratory report shows that when presented with an unknown chemical substance‚ identification of that substance is revealed through a seires of tests that involve chemical and physical properties of that substance. Problem: You are given an unknown chemical substance that you need to be able to identify. How are you going to do this? The compound can be either harmful or toxic‚ so what you need
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An Experiment on Soil Analysis Jacob Pitcher and Derrick Gillespie Chemistry Lab 112 Section 02 4/02/2013 Abstract A sample of soil was tested for possible contaminants and other information using a variety of techniques including moisture analysis‚ pH measurement‚ acid-base titration‚ chloride-ion electrode analysis‚ and flame testing. The sample had a greater concentration of chloride ions‚ no measurable CaCo3 ‚ and lower than standard moisture content. It was contaminated with KCl and
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PRODUCTION OF POTASSIUM CARBONATE FROM COCOA HUSK ASH A Process Engineering Project Report Presented to the Department of Chemical Engineering Faculty of Chemical and Materials Engineering College of Engineering Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology‚ Kumasi By AMANING OSEI EMMANUEL ATTIPOE EDEM KODZO BOAKYE KWAME JUWAH CHUKWUJINDU AWELE OMENOGOR ANWULI ROSEMARY in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the course Process Engineering Project April 2013. TABLE
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affected by the disease‚ do not seal properly causing potassium levels in the blood to be high. This causes the muscles to contract involuntarily (Tufts). The results can be anywhere from mild ripples‚ to full muscular paralyses anywhere in the body. HYPP is a disease that traces back to a genetic mutation that traces back to the champion quarter horse stallion Impressive. In the average equine‚ the sodium channels are used to regulate the potassium level within the muscle cells and the sodium content
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characteristic colors produced by certain metallic ions when vaporized in a flame. Identify unknown metallic ions by means of its flame test. Hypothesis The hypothesis for this experiment stated that the sodium ion would color the flame in yellow‚ the potassium ion would color it in lilac‚ the lithium ion would color it in carmine‚ the calcium ion would color it in brick red‚ the barium ion would color it in apple green‚ and the copper ion would color it in green. Equipment * Graduated cylinder‚
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17-nov-2013 Abstract In this experiment‚ you will study the effect of changing temperature on the amount of solutet will dissolve in a given amount of water. In this experiment‚ you will completely dissolve different quantities of potassium nitrate‚ KNO3‚ in the same volume of water at a high temperature. As each solution cools‚ you will monitor temperature using a computer-interfaced Temperature Probe and observe the precise instant that solid crystals start to form. At this moment
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gel that contain ions. “Electrolytes turn on all thought and motion‚ almost like a wall switch. They trigger all events like muscle action by controlling ion channels”(Edward Kane‚ 2010).Electrolytes have four minerals that include Sodium‚ (Na) Potassium‚ (K)‚ Magnesium (Mg)‚ and Calcium (Ca). Electrolytes help us by giving us an electrically-charge. Our brain uses it‚ so that they can send messages to others parts of our body so it can continue its function. And that’s very important because without
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Therefore‚ the cation in the unknown substances can be identify. Chemicals: Concentrated Hydrochloric acid (about 10 cm3) The following solids (0.1 g) for flame tests: Barium chloride Calcium chloride Copper (II) chloride Magnesium chloride Potassium chloride Sodium chloride Unknown solids containing a single cation and labelled X‚ Y and Z Apparatus: Bunsen burner Insulation mat Platinum wire (or Nichrome wire)‚ Watch glass Safety precaution: As concentrated hydrochloric acid is
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