Restriction Enzymes Restriction enzymes (also known as restriction endonucleases) are a group of bacterial enzymes which cut double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) into smaller fragments at specific points. They are a defence mechanism used by bacteria to cleave the DNA of invading viruses‚ thereby restricting their expression. The exploitation of restriction enzymes ability to cut large pieces of DNA into smaller fragments (called restriction fragments) and the highly specific way in which they do this
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Enzymes An enzyme is a protein used to speed up the rate of a chemical reaction. Because they regulate the rate of chemical reactions‚ they are also called catalysts. There are many‚ many different types of enzymes‚ because for each chemical reaction that occurs‚ an enzyme specific to that reaction must be made. To act on a substrate‚ an enzyme must contain an active site. The active site is the area on the enzyme that allows the substrate and enzyme to fit together. The amino acids that are present
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FUNCTIONS OF ENZYMES Enzymes are extremely important to the human body and its ability to function. An enzyme itself is a protein made by the body’s cells to act as catalyst‚ speeding up chemical reactions in the cell. It does this by taking the reactants‚ or the elements or compounds that enter into the chemical reaction‚ in this situation referred to as substrates‚ and breaking apart their bonds so that new ones can form. The three types of enzymes are digestive enzymes‚ food enzymes‚ and metabolic
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B. Yeats‚ 1921 TEACHER ’S INTRODUCTION Between 1845 and 1850‚ more than a million Irish people starved to death while massive quantities of food were being exported from their country. A half million were evicted from their homes during the potato blight‚ and a million and a half emigrated to America‚ Britain and Australia‚ often on-board rotting‚ overcrowded "coffin ships". This is the story of how that immense tragedy came to pass. The necessary historical and political context for a
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Bibliography: Atkinson‚ H. (1999-2011). Uses of Potato Starch. Retrieved September 27‚ 2011‚ from eHow Food: http://www.ehow.com/list_6830774_uses-potato-starch.html Barry Farm Foods Gray‚ A. (2003). Starch Synthesis and Manipulation. Retrieved September 27‚ 2011‚ from andrewgray.com: http://www.andrewgray.com/essays/starch.htm ICP International Starch
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Anatomy of Flowering Plants Tissues A tissue is a group of cells having a common origin and usually performing a common function. Based on cell’s capability to divide‚ tissues are classified into two main groups which are as follows: 1. Meristematic and 2. Permanent tissues. Meristematic Tissues: Cells in the meristematic tissue are capable of dividing. Meristematic tissues are found in those regions which need to grow continuously. For example‚ root tips and stem tips contain meristematic
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NAME: IZYAN NABILA BINTI AHMAD `AZAM CLASS: M13A DATE: 21.08.2013 TITLE: Transport across membrane OBJECTIVES: To investigate the effect of concentration of blackcurrant squash on osmosis in chipped potatoes. INTRODUCTION: In biology‚ osmosis is defined as the diffusion of solvent molecules (usually water molecules) across a semi-permeable membrane from a region of lower solute concentration to a region of higher solute concentration.
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The Irish Potato Famine occurred in Ireland in 1845 to 1849‚ when the potato harvest failed. A disease that destroys the edible parts of potato plants known as Late Blight caused the unsuccessful crop. The Irish Potato Famine was the worst famine to occur in Europe in the 19th century. Almost fifty percent of the Irish population had become dependent on potatoes in their diet‚ but the entire population consumed the crop in large quantities‚ especially the rural and the poor. The Potato was very susceptible
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people understand to this day. The movement of the resettlement is central to canadian history‚ from aboriginal people‚ whose ancestors. The history of immigration to Canada extends back thousands of years. The three topics of the waves are‚ The Irish potato famine in 1820-1850. It was the Great Hunger was a period of mass starvation‚ The causes upon what happen there was a disease going around and it got around the colony. The second incident was the europeans in 1860-1920. It was when the europeans
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I. The Irish Potato Famine was a catastrophic event in Irelands history. Almost a million people died during this harsh time. They had lost their main food source and barely had food for one person let alone their families witch consisted of 5-7 people on average. At the time they were considered a part of Britain but Britain did not help much during their crisis. The Irish Potato Famine of Ireland in 1845 resulted in a great population loss‚ a changed economy‚ and a substantial emigration of citizens
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