CHM 3411 – Problem Set 6 Due date: Wednesday‚ March 23rd. Do all of the following problems. Show your work. 1) Consider the cyclic molecule C8H8‚ the eight carbon analogue to benzene. a) Write the secular detrerminant corresponding to the pi-bonding in C8H8. b) Using the secular determinant‚ the following energies are found for the pi-bonding molecular orbitals: 1 = + 2 2 = + 1.41 (two states) 3 = (two states) 4 = - 1.41 (two states) 5 = - 2 Give the electron
Premium Electron Electron configuration Chemical bond
Introduction: During this laboratory exercise will identify by the graph given which is isotonic‚ hypotonic‚ or hypertonic. The kidneys are a pair of fist-sized organs located outside the peritoneal cavity on each side of the spine. The kidney is a highly specialized organ that maintains the internal environment of the body by selectively excreting or retaining various substances according to specific body needs. The process of urine formation and adjustment of blood composition involves three
Premium Renal physiology Kidney Hypothalamus
Questions and Hypothesis: Seed germination‚ plant growth‚ and sprouting of leaves are affected by several factors: supply of nutrients‚ water‚ exposure to sunlight‚ and conditions of surroundings. Due to certain stimuli in the surroundings plant “hormones” cause plants to behave in ways that ensure the most efficient use of resources while preserving the most energy. One stimulus to consider‚ is the exposure of plants to sunlight; when plants are just sprouting and are underground‚ the sti
Premium Week-day names
Reactions Enzymes are proteins found in living things that speed up chemical reactions. They aid in nearly all metabolic processes‚ such as food digestion‚ molecule synthesis‚ and the storage/ release of energy. An enzyme speeds up the rate of the chemical reactions by lowering the reaction’s activation energy‚ which means that by definition‚ an enzyme functions as biological catalyst. The activation energy is the energy that is used to get a reaction started. The function of an enzyme is dependent
Premium Enzyme
Enzymes Enzymes are… * Biological catalysts Lower the energy level needed for a biochemical reaction to occur. This energy level is called activation energy. * Proteins Polypeptide chains made up of 100’s-1000’s of amino acids in a specific sequence. * Do not get “used up” in a reaction The number of “uses” of an enzyme depends on the enzyme. * Work more efficiently at certain optimum temperatures. * They are “reaction-specific”. Each enzyme is included in one reaction.
Premium Protein Enzyme Catalysis
Procedures for Part A: For Activity A‚ we first tested enzyme activity. First‚ we used an H2O2 syringe to transfer 10 mL of H2O2 into an unlabeled 60-mL cup. Then‚ we used a transfer pipet to add one mL of catalase solution into the unlabeled 60-mL cup that we put H2O2 in. After that‚ we observed the solution for one minute. Then we tested the effect of boiling on enzyme activity. First we used a transfer pipet to transfer 4 mL of catalase into a test tube. After that‚ we placed the test tube filled
Premium Catalase Titration Water
Effects of Temperature on Enzyme Biology Introduction In order to understand the activity of enzymes at different temperatures the ability of the enzyme to function can be measured. This is important in many applications such as Polymerase Chain Reaction for forensics as well as genetics research where manipulation of temperature-dependent enzymes allows for replication of DNA segments. Bennett states‚ “when the energy - measured
Premium Temperature Enzyme Chemical reaction
conditions in potato juice extract Introduction The presence of quinones prevents infection of microorganisms because it is toxic to them (Danyk‚ H‚ 2013). Quinones are produced by the oxidation of phenolic compound of catechol. Enzymes are used to speed up chemical reactions in cells (Danyk‚ H‚ 2013). The enzyme catechol oxidase is used to speed up the production of benzoquinone which is to help in infection prevention. In this study catechol oxidase was combined with potato juice extract
Premium Adenosine triphosphate Malaria Plasmodium falciparum
and Hydroxylamine on the Enzyme Peroxidase Extracted From Brassica rapa Abstract In this experiment the enzyme peroxidase was extracted from from a turnip‚ Brassica rapa‚ and tested under different conditions. The effects of temperature‚ boiling‚ pH‚ and a competitive inhibitor were tested. The enzyme was tested at temperatures of 4°C‚ 24°C‚ 32°C‚ and 48°C. As the temperature increased‚ so did the activity of the enzyme. The enzyme was tested at pH levels of 3
Premium Enzyme Oxygen Catalase
which are carbohydrates‚ lipids‚ nucleic acids and proteins in given samples. The first experiment is to test the existence of carbohydrates in starch suspension and potato cell. If carbohydrate is present in starch suspension‚ the solution will turn into dark blue when iodine solution is added. If carbohydrate is present in potato cell‚ starch granules can be seen clearly under microscope when iodine solution is added. The second experiment is to test the existence of lipids in margarine and olive
Premium Starch Carbohydrate Chemistry