characterized in terms of their crystalline structure (Powder X-Ray Diffraction)‚ microstructural behavior (Scanning electron microscopy)‚ Dielectric property (Permittivity analyzer) and crystal lattice vibration (Fourier-Transform Infrared Spectroscopy). In the X-Ray diffraction spectra‚ it is expected to observe the presence of a doublet peak from the reflection of (002) and (200) planes in tetragonal BT and an increase in its diffraction angle due to shorter distance between crystal planes
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place‚ foamy Gd2O3 nano-powders were obtained. Then some of the obtained powders were heat treated at 1000oC. The formulations of the samples are given in Table 1. Bruker AXS D8 model (Cu Kα radiation)
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producing defect in crystalline solids and that defect can influence powder properties. The milled powders are characterized at different stages of milling by XRD‚ particle size analyzer‚ FESEM
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characteristic peaks were observed in the physical mixture as shown in Figure (27) demonstrating that its crystalline structure remained unchanged during the physical blend. On the other hand‚ the liquisolid (F18) powder X-ray diffraction pattern Figure (28) showed only one sharp diffraction peak at 2Ɵ angle of 22.3 belonging to carreier Avicel (PH-102) Figure (26)‚ indicating that only Avicel (PH-102)
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At room temperature around 34C‚ the solubility was found to be 92.41 gm/50 ml. The FT-IR spectroscopy was performed on pure zinc sulphate crystals to identify the presence of functional groups. The grown crystals have been subjected to powder X-ray diffraction to determine the unit cell dimensions and the crystal structure. The lattice parameters are found to be‚ a = 9.9810 Å‚ b = 7.2500 Å and c = 24.2800 Å‚ respectively. The values were in good agreement with those of the reported values. The
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which was followed by calcination at 9500 C and sintering at 11500 C. As Sm3+ concentration is increased more than 0.1 mole% considerable pyrochlore phase has been formed. This phase has been identified as Sm2Ti2O7 from its X-ray diffraction peaks. X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Scanning electron mcroscopy (SEM) studies have been carried out to determine the structural phase and morphological modifications that occur with the change in Zr/Ti ratio. The ferroelectric phase transition temperature (Tc)
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266–271 www.elsevier.com/locate/jnucmat Characterization of nanocrystalline (Th1ÀxCex)Oy powders synthesized by co-precipitation process q ¨ O. Yildiz Kocaeli University‚ Faculty of Engineering‚ Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering‚ Veziroglu Yerleskesi‚ 41040 Kocaeli‚ Turkey Received 21 July 2006; accepted 23 January 2007 Abstract Nanocrystalline thoria–ceria (Th1ÀxCex)Oy powders in a ratio of x = 0.05À0.5 mol% were prepared by a co-precipitation process‚ which employs
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The study of particle dimensions is important in many areas of manufacture and technology. Many solid materials are at some point powder or granular in form e.g. foods (grain‚ flour‚ sugar)‚ ceramics and building materials (sand and cement). In pharmaceutical development and manufacture‚ particle size greatly influences physical properties such as powder flow‚ powder mixing‚ drug dissolution‚ deposition from inhaler devices and the stability of suspensions. Thus‚ control of particle size is important
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Problem of statement 1.3 Scope of study 1.4 Objectives of study 1.5 Organization of thesis CHAPTER 2 – LITERATURE REVIEW 2.0 Introduction 2.1 Introduction to Cu2O 2.2 Application of Cu2O nanopowder 2.2.1 Photocatalyst 2.2.2 Solar energy conversion 2.3 Powder formation 2.4 Gas phase 2.4.1 Inert Gas Condensation (IGC) or Gas Phase Condensation 2.4.2 Chemical Vapor Deposition 2.4.3 Laser ablation 2.4.4 Flame synthesis 2.5 Liquid phase 2.5.1 Solvent evaporation method 6 6 7 7 8 9 9 11 11 11 12 12 13 Page
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lead-free Bi-based ferroelectric system with perovskite structure (1 − x) Bi1/2K1/2TiO3 – x BiScO3 was synthesized by a conventional solid-state reaction method for compositions with 0 ≤ x ≤ 0.3. The phases obtained were characterized by X-ray powder diffraction and scanning electron microscopy. Dense ceramics were prepared by a conventional sintering technique at 950-1000°C depending on composition‚ and their structure and electrical properties were systematically investigated. The XRD analysis
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