OTHER AUTHORITIES ANILESHTEWARI B.A.LL.B(Hons) 4TH SEM Page | 1 TABLE OF CONTENT Introduction to OTHER AUTHORITIES with reference to Article 12. Brief synopsis of the term OTHER AUTHORITIES Other Authorities. Ajay Hasia Case. Some of the NON-STATUTORY BODIES which have been held to be ‘AUTHORITIES’ within the meaning of Article 12. The National Commission to Review The Working Of The Constitution 2002. Conclusion Page | 2 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT I would
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SOC/120: Evolution of Formal Organizations Due: 12/11/2011 Nancy Keta The way that I will conduct my research is to first explain how formal organizations have evolved over the past century. Second‚ what differences were there in organizations a century ago‚ and compare to today’s organizations. And lastly I will also tell of the trends in today’s formal organizations in modern society. I will describe how each of the characteristics for formal organizations will need to evolve or change in
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FUNCTIONAL AUTHORITY: Functional authority consists of the right to give orders within a segment of the organization in which this right is normally non existent. This authority is usually assigned to individuals to complement the line or staff authority they already possess. Functional Authority generally covers only specific task areas and is operational only for designated amounts of time. It is given to individuals who‚ in order to meet responsibilities in their own areas‚ must be able to exercise
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one pillar that supports formal institutions and the two additional pillars that support informal institutions. Answer: Regulatory Pillar that supports formal institutions and other two additional pillars name are Normative Pillar and Cognitive Pillar. Normative pillar refers to how to values‚ beliefs‚ and actions- collectively known as norms of other relevant players influence the behavior of focal individuals and firms. Cognitive pillar is the school support for informal institutions. It refers
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Taking into account these two suggestive improvements‚ I had to re-illustrate everything that was on my original zine to new and bigger zine pages. I had to redraw everything onto a bigger sheet of paper‚ because I was not able to figure out a method to enlarge the illustrations and text of my original zine to fit it onto a bigger sheet. Also drawing and writing everything over again allowed me to correct the dullness and faded appearance of the text. The drawing and writing process was extremely
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1. Address and date Some people may think the address is not important in an informal letter and prefer to leave it out. That works well if the person you are writing to knows your address already or if she has a good memory! However‚ it is very unlikely that someone will always remember your address‚ so it is always a good idea to include it. Remember‚ this is the address they have to write to for the letter to reach you. The recipient’s address is on the envelope. The address and date should
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Distribution of formal powers in Irish Political Institutions Ireland has a democratic form of government‚ otherwise known as parliamentary democracy. The coalition with the greatest representation in the parliament forms the government; the leader becomes prime minister or chancellor. Executive functions are exercised by members of the parliament which are appointed by the prime minister. These then form what is known as the cabinet. The parties in the minority serve in the opposition‚ which
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Signature Tutorial 2 Nolwazi Dlamini Traditional Authority is based on customs and tradition and the long established way of doing things. (Heywood‚ 2007:220). This authority tends to be irrational and inconsistent and perpetuates the status quo. Traditional authority does not change or evolve. Traditional authority helps to shape the political culture by keeping values such as receptivity‚ respect and duty. An example of this type of authority would be a patriarchal structure where “the servants
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Obedience to Authority No human social organization can function without some degree of obedience to authority‚ as the alternative would be anarchy leading to total chaos. Hence we find some sort of a hierarchy in both the most underdeveloped and the most civilized societies where certain individuals exercise authority over others. Almost everyone will agree that some degree of authority in certain individuals or groups (and their obedience by other groups) is desirable for the proper
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Characteristics of the informal organization • relationship of cohesion or antagonism: even though you are located at different sectors (levels) within the organization individuals create personal relationships of sympathy or antipathy whose duration or intensity may vary. • Status: individuals that interact in informal groups acquire certain social position or status depending on the role they play in each group without the sense of knowing what position or rank they’re in within the formal organization
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