PATRONAGE AND CLIENTSHIP IN RWANDA INTRODUCTION Patronage: The process of appointing persons to government positions on the basis of political support and work rather than on merit. It is also called the ‘spoils system’. Clientship: The state of being under the protection of a man of wealth and influence (patron) and a client. The genocide which took place in Rwanda and which‚ according to most estimates‚ has claimed the lives of about a million people in the most atrocious ways imaginable while
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What were the causes and consequences of the Rwandan genocide? The causes of the Rwandan genocide were deeply seeded to the collapse and struggle for dominance within a previously established hierarchy. The roots of ethnic conflicts often find themselves tied to arbitrary guidelines of division between groups. It is this segregation that leads to a fight for power when a hierarchy becomes destabilized. This is exactly the case with the Rwandan genocide of 1994: the intervention of Belgian colonialism
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Ethical Decision-Making: Employer Responsibilities and Employee Rights Chapter Objectives: After exploring this chapter‚ you will be able to: 1. Discuss the two distinct perspectives on the ethics of workplace relationships. 2. Explain the concept of due process in the workplace. 3. Define “employment at will” and its ethical rationale. 4. Describe the costs of an EAW environment. 5. Explain how due process relates to performance appraisals. 6. Discuss whether it is possible to downsize
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1994 Rwanda Genocide Overview On April 6‚ 1994‚ when a plane carrying Rwanda’s president‚ Habyarimana‚ was shot down‚ it was the beginning of a terrible act that took place. This was the start of a war. While this war took place‚ the Hutu people made and launched plans to wipe out the Tutsi population. The Hutus were majorly successful in this act‚ and during the uyear 1994‚ killed approximately 800‚000 Tutsi men‚ women and children. This was caused by the hutu’s rise to power. they were
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It is noteworthy that Rwanda is one of the countries that an echo of tragedy from the imperialism pervades all over the nation. Rwanda is a country that consists of 85% of Hutus‚ 14% of Tutsis‚ and 1% of Twa. Both Germany‚ and Belgium took over the control of Rwanda in 1916; however‚ Belgium‚ exclusively‚ is responsible for such an echo of tragedy. Belgium‚ as it is mentioned‚ conquered over Rwanda in 1916 and started giving privileges to Tutsis only since Tutsis
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prejudiced society through Pride and Prejudice‚ which involved the role of women as a major‚ governing over their marriages for economic sustainability and their lack of authority. Austen’s controversial novel was adapted into a feature film which presented the real and gritty society as how it truly was during the time of Regency England; before the adaptation was released‚ Austen’s work was paralleled in 20th century India as the transformation‚ Bride and Prejudice. These films realise for their audience
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upper-class and have the majority of weapons. The Hutu ethnic majority in the east-central African nation of Rwanda murdered majority of the
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Africa. Towards the end of World War I‚ Rwanda came under Belgian control. The Hutu and Tutsi‚ the two native groups of Rwanda‚ saw conflict between each other grow as “continued insecurity among Hutu and further bitterness toward capricious rule of Tutsi chiefs was advanced by the Belgian authorities” (WT‚ 65). Soon‚ Belgium implemented an indirect government ran by the native Tutsis‚ but‚ in return‚ created a hierarchical distinction between the natives of Rwanda. After many years of “Tutsi and Belgian
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The following work represents the importance of leadership in the Rwanda Genocide of 1994 and the many factors that lead to the tragedy. This literature demonstrates the history and tribal relationship of Hutus and Tutsis leading to the Genocide in 1994 and most importantly why international intervention could not prevent the mass murder of 800‚000 people. Prior to the genocide‚ Rwanda was under extended period of colonial dominance by the Belgium. During that time a powerful group of Roman Catholic
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CATEGORIES OF ABIRU IN ANCIENT RWANDA In political and administrative system of ancient Rwanda‚ Abiru or the guardians of esoteric codes were important officials at the court of the king. They served as the advisers of the king‚ they kept royal secrets‚ they controlled the symbol of royal power like the dynastic drum‚ and they enthroned a new king. Their institution was called ubwiru. All the Abiru were not equal. There was something like hierarchy among them. Refering to their power and functions
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