LAB REPORT ANDREW O. BAAFI Organic Chemistry I Lab. Instructor: Dr. Strange 09-24-01 TITLE: Preparation of Isopentyl Acetate (isoamyl acetate) / Gas Chromatography (Esterification). REFERENCE: Fischer‚ W. H.‚ A. G. Craig. “Microscale Esterification of Peptides and Analysis by MALDI-MS.” http://www.salk.edu/LABS/pbl/brukeran1.htm. 10-02-2001 Mayo‚ Dana W‚ Pike Ronald M‚ Trumper Peter K. Microscale Organic Laboratory. 3rd ed. New York: Wiley & Sons‚ 1994. Strange De Soria‚ Louise. Chemistry
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Ex.No.3 | PROCESSING OF JAM AND JELLY | Aim: To prepare jam and jelly from the given fruits and evaluate the same. Introduction Jam is prepared by boiling the fruit pulp with sufficient quantity of sugar to a reasonably thick consistency‚ firm enough to hold the fruit tissues in position. FSSAI - Food Safety and Standards Authority of India (2006) previously FPO - Fruit products order (1955) 45 per cent of fruit pulp should be used for every 55 per cent of sugar and the prepared
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to regenerate the aromatic ring‚ a proton is lost at the sp3 hybridized carbon. Thus‚ p-Nitroaniline can be prepared by means of electrophilic aromatic substitution. To begin‚ nitric acid needs to be activated as it has little electrophilic power. Thus‚ concentrated sulfuric acid is added to protonate the nitric acid. Dehydration produces the nitronium ion‚ which is a strong electrophile and has most of its positive charge on the nitrogen atom. The nitronium ion‚ acting as the electrophile in the
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Experiment 3: Preparation and Properties of Soap Objectives: i) To be able to prepare a soap starting with olive oil and animal lard. ii) To examine the chemical properties of the soap that is made. iii) To determine the theoretical yield and experimental yield of soap. Introduction: A soap is a salt of a fatty acid. Fatty acids are carboxylic acids with a long unbranced hydrocarbon (aliphatic) chains. It contains at least 12 carbons and a carboxylic acid group. Materials and Apparatus:
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Preparation of Esters Introduction Esters are known for their pleasant smells such as perfumes and artificial flavorings in contained labs. They are formed when a carboxylic acid reacts with alcohol and a strong acid such as a catalyst called sulfuric acid (H2SO4) for this lab. The structural formula for esters can be represented as R-COO-R’. The R and R’ symbolizes different alkyl groups that can be combined to the ester. When naming an ester the first part comes from the alcohol followed
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Experiment 3 : Preparation of Solutions and Buffers Objectives : 1. To study and understand the principle theory and formula of preparation of buffer and solution. 2. To learn the methods of buffer and solution preparation. 3. To focus on concentration units of molarity‚ percentage of concentration‚ and dilution of solution. Introduction : When a substance‚ called a solute‚ is dissolved in another substance‚ called the solvent‚ a solution is formed. A solution is known as a homogeneous
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country in Central America. Capital of Belize is The Belmopan city. The currency of Belize is belizean dollar. Population of Belize is 350 000 people. Belize got independence in 1981 from Great Britain. Economical advantage. Tourism in Belize is the most important part of country’s budget. About 40% of impacts comes from tourism. Belize is the popular place among European tourists. There are a lot of beautiful places in Belize as usually tourists rent aircrafts or boats and travel in the rain forest
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(2011). Fact Sheet: Creating a More Highly Qualified Nursing Workforce. Retrieved from http://www.aacn.nche.edu/media-relations/NursingWorkforce.pdf Friberg‚ Elizabeth and Creasia‚ Joan. Conceptual Foundations: The Bridge to Professional Nursing Practice‚ 5th Edition. Mosby. (2011). Pages: 23‚ 31-32‚ and 36-37 Grand Canyon University. (2011). Grand Canyon University College of Nursing Philosophy. Retrieved from NRS430V.v10R.GrandCanyonUniversityCollegeofNursingPhilosophy_Student.docx Grand Canyon
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ATP is the most commonly used "energy currency" of cells from most organisms. It is formed from adenosine diphosphate (ADP) and inorganic phosphate (Pi)‚ and needs energy. The overall reaction sequence is: ADP + Pi → ATP‚ where ADP and Pi are joined together by ATPsynthase Energy is often released in the form of protium‚ or H+‚ moving down an electrochemical gradient‚ such as from the lumen into the stroma of chloroplasts or from the inter-membrane space into the matrix in mitochondria.
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groundwork in which to understand our current practice by recognizing the contributions‚ triumphs and struggles our ancestors have endured to help make our profession what it is today. Also nurses can appreciate how much the nursing profession has grown from the past to present day and became more aware that continued growth and progression will better meet the needs of an evolving‚ even changing society. To quote Florence nightingale‚ the founder of modern nursing‚ “Unless we are making progress in our
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