Preparation of Esters Introduction Esters are known for their pleasant smells such as perfumes and artificial flavorings in contained labs. They are formed when a carboxylic acid reacts with alcohol and a strong acid such as a catalyst called sulfuric acid (H2SO4) for this lab. The structural formula for esters can be represented as R-COO-R’. The R and R’ symbolizes different alkyl groups that can be combined to the ester. When naming an ester the first part comes from the alcohol followed
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Title: Preparation of Solutions and Buffers Objectives: 1. To learn and understand the theory‚ principle and formula behind buffers and solutions preparation. 2. To learn the methods for buffers and solutions preparation. Introduction: (Wikipedia‚ 2013) Solute is a substance dissolved in another substance. Solvent is a substance in which the solute is dissolved by it. Solution is a mixture of two or more substances. The amount of solute dissolved in a solvent is called concentration
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Experiment conducted: 05/02/2009 Date Report Written: 08/02/2009 Synthesis of Acetyl salicylic acid (Aspirin) Abstract Introduction: The following report contains information on how to produce aspirin. The experiment has been carried out on a small laboratory scale. The experiment starts by combining such chemicals such as salicylic acid and acetic anhydride. The synthesis of aspirin is classified as an esterification reaction. This is a substitution reaction where the alcohol group from
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you need to strictly adhere to your surgeon’s advice. How long you will need to fast or restrict the use of medicines and supplements will vary depending on your age‚ the type of your operation‚ and your personal health history. PREOPERATIVE PREPARATIONS Why Fasting is Necessary The most effective and efficient way to ensure that you are relaxed during your operation‚ and that you will not feel any discomfort or pain‚ is with the use of a sedative or an anesthesia‚ whether general or local. Preoperative
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Germ Line Control of female Sex Determination in Zebrafish In order to identify the sex of a developing embryo‚ many scientists have studied this process called sex determination that allows them to have better understandings on how sex is being determined in either vertebrates or invertebrates. Sex determination is normally determined genetically; however‚ other factors can contribute to its determination. There are numerous determinants that control sex determination‚ but the most important are sex
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There are many purposes for the Resume Planning and Interview Preparation worksheets‚ but the most important reason is when an individual can provide an excellent job at selling themselves. Some people are good at this task while others are not‚ so being prepared and with practice‚ this should become easier over time. The Resume Planning worksheet will assist Shelby in listing her education‚ work experience‚ training and other personal information when starting to prepare her résumé (Kapoor‚ Dlabay
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Word Count – 499 Melting Pot The social and economic indicators of America paint an obvious picture. Through out America’s history and even till today‚ Caucasians have always been in control. Even though history has a huge role in that regarding everything that happened during slavery years‚ the conditions for ethnical minorities has not improved to the standards usually enjoyed by Caucasians. Paying close attention to some statistics regarding ethnic minorities‚ we see clearly that the conditions
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PREPARATION OF ALUMINA POWDERS 1. BAYERS PROCESS INTRODUCTION The Bayer Process was invented and patented in 1887 by Austrian scientist Karl Josef Bayer. Two to three tonnes of bauxite are required to produce one tonne of alumina. 90% of the global alumina supply of around 90 million tonnes is used in aluminium production. DEFINITION The Bayer process is the principal industrial means of refining bauxite to produce alumina (aluminium oxide). The aluminium oxide must be purified before it
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HUM-101-010 Written Assignment 4 A Cultural Determination of Meaning Throughout historic culture‚ we can identify several changes in philosophical thought. Through the emergence of romanticism‚ we see a realization that‚ through passion‚ the paths of the hero and saint can be merged. In the agony and ecstasy of Michelangelo‚ it is obvious how the paths of hero and saint can be merged in the form of art‚ to attempt to reconcile the tension between them. In the enlightenment patterns of cultural
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Synthesis of Aspirin Abstract The purpose of this experiment is to synthesize a common organic product called acetylsalicylic acid (aspirin)‚ and to become familiar with the optimum conditions needed for successful yields. Aspirin is produced from an acid catalyzed reaction between salicylic acid with acetic anhydride. The crystalline aspirin is synthesized and purified by recrystallization‚ although there is not a hundred percent yield due to sources of error. Introduction Aspirin is a medicine
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