necessary reaction schemes. The reaction schemes should include molecular weights and any other important physical data for the reagents and products. Ex. Cyclohexanol was oxidized to cyclohexanone using sodium dichromate in the presence of sulfuric acid. * Note: you can download a free version of a structure editor from ACD labs‚ the PC version is called chemsketch‚ the Mac version is called marvinsketch. You should learn how to draw structures using these programs. Lab reports should look professional
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787122 Received 3 October 2002/Accepted 21 November 2002 Downloaded from http://aem.asm.org/ on June 6‚ 2013 by UNIVERSITY OF DELHI Despite their commercial importance‚ there are relatively few facile methods for genomic manipulation of the lactic acid bacteria. Here‚ the lactococcal group II intron‚ Ll.ltrB‚ was targeted to
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Introducton : The most common macromolecules found in living organisms are carbohydrates ‚ lipids‚ proteins and nucleic acids. Briefly‚ the meaning of macromolecules is that they normally contain two or more molecules in them and their main functions are to store energy‚ information and much more. Most foods are known to be combinations of macromolecules. While some of these compounds can be detected by taste tests‚ many cannot. Scientists then use certain tests to determine the presence of
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Acid Base And Salt Acid Acids:- The word ‘Acid’ came from Latin word ‘Acidus or Acere’ which means sour. Sour taste is the most common characteristic of acid. Acid turns blue litmus paper red. There are many substances which contain acid and hence taste sour‚ such as curd‚ tamarind‚ lemon‚ etc. Types of Acids:- Acids are divided into two types on the basis of their occurrence – Natural acids and Mineral acids. Natural Acid:- Acids which are obtained from natural sources are called natural
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Nitric Acid Nitric acid is an acid many people have come across in life. One may have felt nitric acid when touching fertilizers‚ or using dyes. Nitric acid appears in substances we never thing it would be used in. In fact‚ small contents of nitric is acid is found in raindrops that fall from the sky. Nitric acid‚ or known as NHO3aq is an acid formed from reaction of ammonia and oxygen. Nitric acid is a colourless acid when it’s pure‚ or can be found yellow or red. This acid can be very corrosive
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concentrated sulphuric acid at the chemical plant where I work at as the Safety Engineer. In this report‚ I will explain what Sulfuric Acid is‚ the health risks and hazards associated with it‚ the safety precautions that should be taken and how the spill should be handled. Sulfuric Acid‚ H2SO4‚ also commonly known as battery acid or vitriol‚ is one of the top products in the chemical industry‚ with 40 million tons produced annually in the U.S. It is a colourless‚ odourless and oily mineral acid that is soluble
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form of a hydrogen ion. This is what we call the Bronsted-Lowry definition of an acid‚ which is the main focus of this lesson. !!!What is a Bronsted-Lowry Acid? What makes a solution an acid? There are different definitions proposed by different scientists about what makes an acidic solution. Particularly‚ there were two scientists who independently proposed essentially the same theory about the definition of acids and bases. In 1923‚ Johannes Nicolaus Bronsted and Thomas Martin Lowry‚ from Denmark
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Acids And BAses Acids And BAses 8.1 8.2 8.3 8.4 18.1 18.2 18.3 18.4 18.5 Theories of acids and bases Properties of acids and bases Strong and weak acids & bases The pH scale Calculations involving acids and bases (AHL) Buffer solutions (AHL) Salt hydrolysis (AHL) Acid-base titrations (AHL) Indicators (AHL) 8 8.1 THeORies OF Acids And BAses 8.1.1 Define acids and bases according to the Brønsted–Lowry and Lewis theories. 8.1.2 Deduce whether or not a species could act as a Brønsted–Lowry
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of Shikimic Acid‚ intermediate for the production of Oseltamivir‚ the Avian Flu drug Supervised by: Dr. Reza Yegani Dr. Mohammad Hossein Sarrafzadeh Mr. Habibollah Ramezanzade by: Kaveh Yazdifard Presented on: 1385/10/3 Contents Acknowledgement Introduction Shikimic Acid & its Natural Properties Derivatives of Shikimic Acid Avian Flu Sickness‚ Medications Oseltamivir and Shikimic Acid’s Role in Synthesis Production of Shikimic Acid Extracting Shikimic Acid from the Plant
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Separation of a Carboxylic Acid from a Neutral Compound by Extraction Reference: Smith‚ Chapter 2 (Acids and Bases) Introduction Carboxylic acids and phenols are two families of organic compounds that contain carbon‚ hydrogen and oxygen‚ and also react with water to yield an excess of hydronium ions over hydroxide ions. Pure water has a pH of 7‚ which means it has a hydronium ion concentration‚ [H3O+] of 10-7 M (M = molarity‚ moles/Liter). The hydronium ions in pure water come from the self-ionization
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