indicator‚ methyl orange‚ phenolphthalein and many more. Acids and bases are diverse in this world. They are everywhere ranging from foods to trees to rocks and many more. Indicators can be used to determine whether these substances are acidic‚ basic or neutral. Manufactured indicators are one type and the second type is natural indicators. Believe it or not‚ the majority of fruits‚ vegetables and flowers contain pigments which may be used as acid-base indicators. For example‚ Red cabbage contains within
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Exploring the acid content of Pepsi products Lab performed: February 27‚ 2012‚ March 12‚ 2012‚ and March 19‚ 2012 Purpose: The purpose of this experiment was to discover the unknown concentration of acid in six different Pepsi products; Pepsi‚ Diet Pepsi‚ Dr. Pepper‚ Diet Dr. Pepper‚ Pepsi Wild Cherry‚ and Pepsi Max. Titrations find the point at which equal moles of a known concentration react with equal moles of an unknown concentration giving the equivalence point. Also‚ the
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Introduction to Acids Base chemistry Purpose How to determine the constant equilibrium of an acid‚ Ka? How to evaluate the concentration (M) of an acid? In “part A” experiment‚ we would test the PH of different concentration of acetic acid (a weak acid which partially dissociated in water) with a PH probe. After we got the PH‚ we could find out the concentration of H+ by applying the relationship pH = -log [H+]. Having the determined value of [H+] of a weak acid with a known molar concentration
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To what extent was Stalin Prepared for War by 1941? In 1941‚ The Nazi Government of Germany put ‘Operation Barbarossa’ into practise. An invasion of Russia’s land for the purpose of Lebensraum. Stalin quickly set into action and a war began on the Eastern front. Some Historians debate on whether Stalin was ready for war by 1941‚ or not. It could be argued that Stalin was ready for war by 1941‚ due to the size of the army. By 1941‚ there were 5 million red army soldiers enlisted. Coupled with 230
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Discussion and Conclusion: Preparation of 1-Bromobutane The purpose of this experiment was to demonstrate the conversion of a primary alcohol‚ 1-butanol‚ to a primary bromoalkane‚ 1-bromobutane‚ a SN2 reaction. The conversion of 1-butanol to 1-bromobutane relies on sulfuric acid which plays two important roles. First‚ it protonates the alcohol of 1-butanol to form an oxonium ion which is a good leaving group. Secondly‚ it produces the hydrobromic acid‚ the nucleophile‚ which attacks 1-butanol
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Abstract: One is to determine the gap energy of cadmium sulfide semiconductor thin film using the equation: Eg = h.c/ is the signal of the long wavelength limit of the absorption peaks (measured in the lab). The reaction between cadmium sulfide and NH3‚ in the presents of thiourea yield a of 579(nm). The % error of the reaction is 1.24%. Introduction: There are 3 types of metals for electricity conducting: metallic conductor‚ semiconductor‚ and superconductor. Metallic conductors
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EXERCISE 11 Synthesis of Aspirin (Acetylsalicylic Acid from Salicylic Acid) RAQUID‚ Rency J Group 5 18L I. Introduction Due to the demand of certain reagents in the laboratory in order to perform and conduct further experiments or produce essential compounds‚ chemists continuously develop organic synthesis. This process aims to prepare and synthesize desired organic compounds from commercially or readily available ones by providing the simplest route in synthesizing the compound
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isopentyl alcohol with acetic acid and an acid catalyst. The product was isolated using a combination of techniques -- acid-base extraction‚ drying‚ and distillation -- and was characterized by its boiling temperature and its refractive index. Esterification is a condensation reaction where two molecules are joined together to form a larger molecule with the simultaneous loss of water. This ester in this experiment is isopentyl acetate formed from acetic acid and isopentyl alcohol. The reaction
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Bioresource Technology 79 (2001) 207±225 Review paper The production of poly-(c-glutamic acid) from microorganisms and its various applications Ing-Lung Shih *‚ Yi-Tsong Van Department of Environmental Engineering‚ Da-Yeh University‚ 112 Shan-Jiau Road‚ Da-Tsuen‚ Chang-Hwa 51505‚ Taiwan‚ ROC Accepted 9 April 2001 Abstract This review article deals with the chemistry and biosynthesis of poly-(c-glutamic acid) (c-PGA) produced by various strains of Bacillus. Potential applications of c-PGA as
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Preparation and SN1 Reactivity of 2-Bromobutane Whitney Bellido Department of Chemistry‚ Illinois State University‚ Normal‚ IL 61790-4160 Submitted: April 4th‚ 2013 Introduction The overall goal of this experiment is to understand and be familiar of SN1 reactivity. We also learned how to prepare 2-Bromobutane by learning how to distill and extract this product from its organic layer. Finally‚ another goal was to specifically understand the relative reactivity of alkyl halides under SN1 conditions
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