to regenerate the aromatic ring‚ a proton is lost at the sp3 hybridized carbon. Thus‚ p-Nitroaniline can be prepared by means of electrophilic aromatic substitution. To begin‚ nitric acid needs to be activated as it has little electrophilic power. Thus‚ concentrated sulfuric acid is added to protonate the nitric acid. Dehydration produces the nitronium ion‚ which is a strong electrophile and has most of its positive charge on the nitrogen atom. The nitronium ion‚ acting as the electrophile in the
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Experiment 3: Preparation and Properties of Soap Objectives: i) To be able to prepare a soap starting with olive oil and animal lard. ii) To examine the chemical properties of the soap that is made. iii) To determine the theoretical yield and experimental yield of soap. Introduction: A soap is a salt of a fatty acid. Fatty acids are carboxylic acids with a long unbranced hydrocarbon (aliphatic) chains. It contains at least 12 carbons and a carboxylic acid group. Materials and Apparatus:
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Preparation of Esters Introduction Esters are known for their pleasant smells such as perfumes and artificial flavorings in contained labs. They are formed when a carboxylic acid reacts with alcohol and a strong acid such as a catalyst called sulfuric acid (H2SO4) for this lab. The structural formula for esters can be represented as R-COO-R’. The R and R’ symbolizes different alkyl groups that can be combined to the ester. When naming an ester the first part comes from the alcohol followed
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Experiment 3 : Preparation of Solutions and Buffers Objectives : 1. To study and understand the principle theory and formula of preparation of buffer and solution. 2. To learn the methods of buffer and solution preparation. 3. To focus on concentration units of molarity‚ percentage of concentration‚ and dilution of solution. Introduction : When a substance‚ called a solute‚ is dissolved in another substance‚ called the solvent‚ a solution is formed. A solution is known as a homogeneous
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Preparation of the NaOH Solution Mass of NaOH before standing = NaOH before standing (g) – beaker (g) = 111.490 g – 110.970 g = 0.520 g Mass of NaOH after standing = NaOH after standing (g) – beaker (g) = 111.500 g – 110.970 g = 0.530 g Standardization of the NaOH solution TRIAL I Volume of NaOH solution = Final reading of buret - Initial reading of buret = 13.80 mL – 0.00 mL = 13.80 mL Converting the Volume (mL) to Volume (L) Volume (liters) = Volume (mL) x
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The Differences in Competencies Between Nurses Prepared at the Associate-degree Level Versus the Baccalaureate-degree Level. Amanda J. Perez Grand Canyon University: NRS-430V-0105 NRS-430V Professional Dynamics March 10‚ 2013 The Differences in Competencies Between Nurses Prepared at the Associate-degree Level Versus the Baccalaureate-degree Level. Although both an associate-degree level and baccalaureate-degree level prepared nurses may sit for the same NCLEX-RN exam‚ “nurses prepared
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Onam is one of the greatest festivals of INDIA. It is celebrated with joy and enthusiasm all over the Country by all communities. It is celebrated in the beginning of September. It is a celebration of 10 days. The Legend of ONAM is‚ It is celebrated to welcome the King Mahabali‚ whose spirit is said to visit India at the time on ONAM. The story goes that‚ the beautiful state of Kerala was once ruled by a Demon King ‚ Mahabali. The king was greatly respected in his kingdom and was
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When I was a child growing up with my mother and grandmother‚ I would always sit on the back porch and smell all of the different aromas coming out of the windows and back door of the house. My mother would always tell me to come in and look‚ so that‚ I could learn how the two of them prepared our meals‚ sometimes I would stand in the door of the kitchen and make mental notes on how to prepare cakes‚ pies‚ and homemade candy. I can remember when my grandmother became really sick and my mother
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The economic and social impacts of tourism in the democratic republic of Belize General information: Belize is the country in Central America. Capital of Belize is The Belmopan city. The currency of Belize is belizean dollar. Population of Belize is 350 000 people. Belize got independence in 1981 from Great Britain. Economical advantage. Tourism in Belize is the most important part of country’s budget. About 40% of impacts comes from tourism. Belize is the popular place among European
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How does the knowledge of the foundations and history of nursing provide a context in which to understand current practice? When we have knowledge of the foundations and history of nursing‚ it provides groundwork in which to understand our current practice by recognizing the contributions‚ triumphs and struggles our ancestors have endured to help make our profession what it is today. Also nurses can appreciate how much the nursing profession has grown from the past to present day and became more
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