Shake and let it stand‚ then observe the reactions. 5. If no reaction can be observed‚ warm the test tube in 50。C water bath for 5 minutes. * Do not inhale the fumes occurring with oxalic acid‚ they are toxic to respiratory system. 9.4 Preparation of Ester from Halides 1. Place 0.5 ml of 1-butanol into a dry test tube‚ and add 0.5 ml of benzol chloride. 2. Warm for 2-3
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(product) = 0.1573 g alcoholTheoretical yield = 0.3999 g vanillin x (154.17 g alcohol/152.15 g vanillin) = 0.4052gPercentage yield = (actual yield/theoretical yield) x 100%= 0.1573 g alcohol/ 0.4052 g alcohol = 38.8%Solvent system chosen = ethyl acetate and hexane in 9:1 ratioMelting point range of alcohol #1 = 108oC -109oCObservationWhen the NaOH was added to the aldehyde #1‚ the solution turned yellowish green. It took 10 minutes for the white solid NaBH4 to completely dissolve in the aldehyde
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........................ 406 16.2 TLC Techniques......................................................................................... 407 16.2.1 Basic Principles for Flavonoid Separations ................................. 407 16.2.2 Sample Preparation ...................................................................... 409 16.2.3 Separation of Flavonoid Aglycones and Glycosides on Silica Gel and Reversed-Phase TLC....................................... 410 16.2.4 Use of Mathematical Methods
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used as a marker for quantitative analysis of the active compound for quality control of the raw material A. squamosa seed and its extract. This first finding will be useful for quality assessment and the chemical stability of the antihead lice preparation from this plant. INTRODUCTION Annona squamosa L. (Custard apple) is a plant belonging to the family Annonaceae. It is popularly cultivated in all parts of Thailand‚ especially in the northeast‚ as a sweet fruit. The seed of this plant is well
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volatile derivatives. Conversion of sugars into alditol acetates and trimethylsilyl (TMS) ethers have been the most widely used methods for GC analysis of sugars. "Alditol acetate" method involves reduction of sugars with sodium borohydride following conversion of polyols to polyacetate esters. TMS ethers of sugars can be prepared from a number of commercially available silylation reagents. Both derivatization methods have disadvantages. Preparation of TMS ethers may result in as many as four derivatives
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1 NAME Organic Chem 2 Lab LOCKER NO. 2/29/00 COURSE & SECTION NO. 1 John Doe (TA: Gregg N. Yard) 55 chem 3341-111 The Preparation of Aspirin The purpose of this experiment is to synthesize aspirin (acetyl salicylic acid) from salicylic acid and acetic anhydride. CO2H OH salicylic acid 2g 0.014 mole O O O CH3 H2SO4 ethyl acetate CO2H O O acetyl salicylic acid acetic acid CH3 O + H3C + H3C OH acetic anhydride 5 mL 0.05 mole The limiting reagent is salicylic
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peaks (>10%) corresponding to methyl (triphenylphosphoranylidene) acetate‚ acetone‚ ethyl acetate‚ and hexane were identified. The phosphonium ylide peak indicates that the reaction did not go to completion (leftover starting material). Meanwhile‚ the acetone‚ ethyl acetate‚ and hexane peaks show there was residual solvent in the sample submitted for NMR analysis (compounds were not in reaction scheme). Because acetone‚ ethyl acetate‚ and hexane are volatile‚ we deduced that our evaporation of the
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in 0 % concentration of lead acetate and maximum amount of lead (0.0011 mg/gm) was found in plant treated in (0.6%) concentration of lead acetate. The percentage germination for control‚ 0.2‚ 0.4‚ 0.6 percent lead acetate treated seedling was 89%‚ 88%‚ 86.66% and 83% respectively. The length of shoot was found much less in plant treated in 0.6% concentration of lead acetate (10 cm)‚ as compared to the length of shoot in plant treated with 0% concentration of lead acetate (8 cm). Length of roots was
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pH MEASUREMENT AND BUFFER PREPARATION ! ! 2A—Pharmacy‚ Faculty of Pharmacy‚ University of Santo Tomas Canare‚ Ann Shery; Caraos‚ Aeraille Diane; Carillo‚ Pauline Mari; Carreon‚ Leslie Ann; Co‚ Alexandra Kay !! !! ABSTRACT. The regulation of internal pH is a physiological function of major importance for all organisms. The quantity pH is intended to be a measure of the activity of hydrogen ions in solution. Buffers‚ on the other hand‚ are solutions containing a substantial concentration of both
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Preparation of the propolis extracts: the propolis sample of the Brazilian native bee species Melipona quadrifasciata was obtained in May‚ 2013 in the city of Blumenau‚ SC‚ Brazil (26 ° 54’21.3 "S 49 ° 04’49.1 "W). In order to obtain a hydroalcoholic crude extract (HCE)‚ 284.3 grams of propolis were pulverized and macerated in 70% ethanol (m m-1)‚ left in a dark chamber for 7 days at room temperature‚ filtered in vacuum and taken to complete drying in a rotary evaporator with reduced pressure. In
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