Student number: 658184 Due Date: 19th Sept 2012 Paracetamol: Preparation‚ Purification and Analysis 1.1 Introduction Paracetamol (N- (4- hydroxyphenyl) ethanamide) or acetaminophen is a widely used analgesic (pain reliever) and antipyretic (fever reducer). It is a relatively safe drug though toxicity has been observed with very high doses.1 according to the British Pharmacopeia (BP) 111 paracetamol should contain between 95.0%- 105.0% of the stated product.2 It can be synthesised by reacting 4-aminophenol
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base. Buffers usually consist of a weak acid and its conjugate base‚ in relatively equal and "large" quantities. A buffer system can be made by mixing a soluble compound that contains the conjugate base with a solution of the acid such as sodium acetate with acetic acid or ammonia with ammonium chloride. The buffer capacity refers to the maximum amount of either strong acid or strong base that can be added before a significant change in the pH will occur. This is simply a matter of stoichiometry
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THE HIGHFIELD LEVEL 3 Health & Safety TRAINING PACK Lecture programme designed and written by Kirstie Trasler and Ian Fisher Disclaimer The information provided in this training package has been carefully compiled to ensure its relevance and accuracy. However‚ no liability or legal responsibility is accepted for the content or any errors or omissions. ©Highfield.co.uk Ltd Apart from any fair dealing for the purpose of private study or the purpose permitted under the UK Copyright‚ Designs
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220_002 #04 FOOD & BEVERAGE A P P L I C AT I O N N O T E Page : 1 CARBOHYDRATES IN FOOD THE FINEST LC-EC APPLICATIONS FOR FOOD & BEVERAGE ANALYSIS EVER PROCESSED INTRODUCTION Carbohydrates not only provide the most easily accessible energy source for our body‚ they also play an important role in many physiological processes. They are involved in intercellular recognition‚ infection processes‚ and certain types of cancer. Carbohydrates analysis is of interest to the food industry but
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Determination of Florfenicol in Catfish by UV-mediated High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) 1. Introduction 1.1 Description of the Analyte Florfenicol (C12H14Cl2FNO4S) is a derivative of thiamphenicol. Its structure is identical to that of chloramphenicol – a synthetically developed antibiotic for veterinary use‚ such as treating a wide range of bacterial infections (Hayes p. 7). It is commercially available as 50 percent of Aquaflor® premix‚ which has been approved for the control of bacteria
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ABSTRACT Purpose: To evaluate the antifungal and cytotoxicity activity of four medicinal plants like Mystroxylon aethiopicum‚ Lonchocarpus capassa‚ Albizia anthelmentica and Myrica salicifolia. Methods: Microdilution method and brine shrimp lethality test were employed to evaluate antifungal and cytotoxicity of plant extracts. Results: Lonchocarpus capassa leaf extracts exhibited antifungal activity against tested fungal strains with MIC range of 0.78 – 3.125 mg/mL with LCLA extract inhibiting C
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HISTORY OF TEXTILE No one knows exact beginning of spinning and weaving of textiles. However‚ it is thought that weaving originated earlier than spinning. Primitive people may have observed the interlaced grass and twigs in the nests of birds or they have seen rushes naturally interlacing as they grew and discovered formation of cloth‚ baskets‚ nets and huts etc. Spinning developed later when people may have thought to improve raw material. People started to use fibers found in nature and hand
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Experiment 2: Starch Hydrolysis by Amylase Theoretical Background Polymers of carbohydrates are called polysaccharides‚ and make up some of the most important naturally occurring compounds [1]. They have thousands of monosaccharide units linked to each other by oxygen bridges. They include starch‚ glycogen‚ and cellulose‚ all three of which yield only glucose when completely hydrolyzed [2]. A B Figure 1. Starch (amylose) (A) and cellulose (B) Starch
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testing the precision and accuracy of determining the pH value colorimetrically. Colorimetric method is a simple and practical procedure with an important advantage: they do not get out of order as from time to time do the pH-meters. Four buffers (Acetate buffer‚ phosphate buffer‚ ammonium buffer and an unknown solution) were tested with eight different indicators. The method employs the use of complex organic dyes which change to distinctive colors through a specific pH range of the buffer solutions
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requirements. PEP Process Module 2 19 Aug 1999 SRI Consulting About This Process Current global capacity for acetic acid exceeds 6.4 million t/yr. Downstream applications for the acid are primarily as a precursor for vinyl acetate monomer synthesis‚ for acetic anhydride production‚ and as a solvent in purified terephthalic acid production. Methanol carbonylation to produce acetic acid using a homogeneous Rh catalyst accounts for more than 55% of global capacity‚
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