Friedel-Crafts liquid phase alkylation reaction of aromatic compounds is an industrially important which is known since 1877 and also commonly practiced in organic chemistry for the synthesis of various pharmaceutical compounds [1]. Catalytic benzylation of aromatics with benzyl chloride is one of the commercially significant C-C bond synthetic reaction processes to produce benzylated aromatics such as diphenylmethane and substituted diphenylmethanes. These are key intermediates in the synthesis
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CLASSIFICATION TESTS A. Acids There are relatively few suitable tests for carboxylic acids. Classification is based mostly upon solubility tests. If the compound is water soluble‚ test the aqueous solution of your compound with pH paper (also check the pH of the original water). If the compound is water-insoluble and it dissolves in 5% (1.5M) sodium hydroxide and 5% NaHCO3 solutions as performed in your solubility tests‚ it can be classified as a carboxylic acid. Establish an equivalence value
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------------------------------------------------- How to make own Sodium Acetate ------------------------------------------------- 1. Add 6 tablespoons of baking soda to a pot. Do not use baking powder. 2. Add 2 liters of white vinegar to the baking soda until it stops fizzing. Do this bit by bit to avoid spills and stir often. When the fizzing stops‚ the reaction is complete‚ leaving you a diluted solution of sodium acetate. The solution should be clear. 3. Boil the solution until around
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character is associated with it. • Alkynes will exhibit chain‚ position and functional isomerism. • Their functional isomers are alkadienes and cyclo alkenes. • The minimum number of carbons required to exhibit chain isomerism by an alkyne is five. Preparation of Acetylene or ethyne : 1. Industrial method : By the hydrolysis of calcium carbide CaC2 + 2H2O → HC ≡ CH + Ca(OH)2 C C H − OH H − OH C −H C −H • Ca 2. |||+ → ||| + Ca(OH)2 Even‚ other carbides like‚ MgC2‚ SrC2‚ BaC2 on hydrolysis
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CHEMISTRY PRACTICAL NOTES - SALT ANALYSIS S.No. | EXPERIMENT | OBSERVATION | INFERENCE | 1(a) | Noted the colour of the salt | BluePale greenGreenPale pinkColourless | May be Cu2+May be Fe2+May be Ni2+‚ Cu2+May be Mn2+Absence of Cu2+‚ Fe2+‚ Ni2+‚ Cu2+‚ Mn2+ | (b) | Noted the physical state of the salt | (i)Amorphous(ii)crystalline | May be CO32-May be Cl-‚ Br-‚ SO42-‚ NO3- | 2 | Action of heat:The given salt is heated in a dry test tube. | (i)Reddish brown vapours(ii)Crackling sound(iii)Yellow
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in the multidisciplinary area of applied chemistry. The focus of this paper is on the phytochemical analysis and Anthelmintic activities‚ which include the extraction‚ isolation and characterization of active ingredients in botanicals and herbal preparations with the example of Seeds and leaves of Adenanthera Pavonina
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numbers range from Mn (III) in compounds like Mn(NO)3CO to Mn (VII) in KMnO4. Compounds of manganese range in oxidation number between theses two extremes. This experiment involves the preparation of a Mn (III) complex of actylacetone (also named 2‚4-pentanedione) which is a useful starting material for the preparation of other Mn (III) compounds. Manganese (III) complexes are relatively stable and can be prepared directly by reactions of the hydrous manganese (III) oxide or by oxidation of the hydrous
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collected‚ and zip lock plastic were used in stool collection. The figure below summarizes the steps used in collecting the stool sample: Figure 2. Steps in Stool Collection Then different techniques in fecal analysis were used: A. Wet Mount Preparation – Direct Fecal Smear: Before preparing a wet mount slide‚ the microscope was calibrated. The objectives and oculars used for the calibration procedure were used for all measurements on the microscope. The calibration factors should always be posted
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studied in this lab was reduction‚ the process of reducing the number of bonds to oxygen and increasing the number of bonds to hydrogen. Other chemical processes included in the lab were recrystallization‚ melting point‚ and extraction. Procedure: Preparation of Vanillyl Alcohol 2.5 mmol of vanillin were dissolved in 2.5 mL of 1 M NaOH solution in a 25 mL Erlenmeyer flask. The flask was swirled to produce a homogeneous yellow solution. The flask was swirled in an ice-water bath for 1-2 minutes and
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distillation techniques: simple and fractional. Simple distillation was done to separate ethyl acetate—which has a usual boiling point of 77º—from a less volatile component‚ while fractional distillation was done to distinguish an ethyl acetate/n-butyl acetate mixture‚ which has boiling points of 77º and 125 º‚ respectively. Results and Discussion As previously stated the standard boiling point for ethyl acetate is 77º. The data obtained resulted with the experimental boiling point being approximately
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