Chapter 10 The Cost of Capital Learning Objectives After reading this chapter‚ students should be able to: Explain what is meant by a firm’s weighted average cost of capital. Define and calculate the component costs of debt and preferred stock. Explain why the cost of debt is tax adjusted and the cost of preferred is not. Explain why retained earnings are not free and use three approaches to estimate the component cost of retained earnings. Briefly explain the two alternative approaches
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INTRODUCTION TO PRINCIPLES OF MANAGEMENT DEFINITIONS Management is: • A process of achieving organizational goals by engaging in the function of planning‚ organizing‚ leading and controlling. • A set of activities directed at the efficient and effective utilization of resources in pursuit of one or more objectives‚ Kibera (1996). • The art of getting things done through and with people in formally organized groups. • The art of creating an environment in which employees perform as individuals and
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evaporator temperature is 60℃ and the condenser temperature is -18℃. Using the procedure described in the Methods section‚ Thermostate and equation 3 can be applied to find the all the states for R-22‚ Ammonia and R-134A‚ as tabulated below: Using equations 4 and 5 for all three working fluids‚ the mass rates for R-22‚ Ammonia and R-134A are evaluated to be 2.339 kg/min‚ 0.29665 kg/min and 2.806 kg/min respectively; with Ammonia having the lowest flow rate and R-134A as the highest. This is because
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safety Needs 3. Social Needs 4. Esteem or ego needs 5. Self – actualization needs. 2. Define Management By Objectives. According to John Humble - Management By Objectives or “MBO is a dynamic system which integrates the company’s need to achieve its goals for profit and growth‚ with the manager’s need to contribute and develop himself.” In other words‚ MBO is a dynamic system of management; it recognizes the need of the manager to achieve and to grow on the job and it integrates the individual
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Chapter 7 Accounting for Financial Management ANSWERS TO BEGINNING-OF-CHAPTER QUESTIONS 7-1 The balance sheet shows the assets‚ along with the sources of funds used to acquire the assets‚ at a point in time‚ say 12/31/07. The income statement shows the sales and profits that were produced during an interval of time‚ say the year 2007. An individual would have assets‚ and a net worth‚ and a balance sheet would detail these holdings. The individual would also have income and expenses‚
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Planning Management Principles 1. Planning in Management Planning is deciding in advance what to do and how to do. It is one of the basic managerial functions. Before doing something‚ the manager must formulate an idea of how to work on a particular task. Thus‚ planning is closely connected with creativity and innovation. It involves setting objectives and developing appropriate courses of action to achieve these objectives. 2. Planning Definition "Planning bridges the gap from where
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For lazy student like me (Mey pheap) Chapter 1: Discussion Questions 1. What forces have led to the boom in entrepreneurship in the United States? Answer - Corporate downsizing flooding the market with corporate cast-offs‚ an attitude that small is beautiful‚ international economic development due to the fall of communism and the capitalization of former state-owned industries‚ a dream of freedom and independence‚ perseverance in achieving results‚ and the opportunities presented by an ever-changing
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CLICK TO DOWNLOAD ACC 201 Principles of Financial Accounting Week 1 Chapter 1 and 2 Practice Exercises: 1-2‚ 1-4‚ 1-9‚ 1-12‚ 1-18‚ 2-1‚ 2-3‚ 2-19‚ 2-22‚ 2-25. Memo to Blair Complete the writing assignment‚ ATC 1-4 from Chapter 1 and submit to your instructor. Week 2 Discussion 1: Fraud Discuss in general the ethical issues when employees are tempted to defraud their employer or when companies defraud the public. What sort of situations can lead to this behavior? What are the costs of
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Response to Mill’s “Principle of Utility” John Stuart Mill writes that the Principle of Utility is the placement of happiness‚ of the individual‚ but mostly of society as a whole‚ ought to be the ultimate end in intentions and actions. These considerations weigh the consequences of what the outcome could be‚ to produce the most beneficial outcome for everyone. The most beneficial outcome according to Utilitarianism is the one which maximizes everyone’s happiness overall by weighing the sum of the
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CHAPTER 1 THEORITICAL AND CONCEPTUAL FRAME WORK 1.1 INTRODUCTION Absenteeism has been variously defined by different authorities. “According to Webster’s dictionary‚ Absenteeism is the practice or habit of being an ‘Absentee’ and an ‘absentee’ is one who habitually stays away.” According to the labour Bureau‚ Simla‚ absenteeism is the total man shifts lost because of absence as a percentage of the total number of man shifts scheduled to work. In other words‚ it signifies the absence
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