Requirements 1. short term 2. intermediate-term 3. long term Stock Financing-when shares of stock are sold to raise funds for the long term financing requirements of the firm. Capital Stock‚ Dividends‚ and Retained Earnings CAPITAL STOCK- interest of the owners of a corporation. -Issued Stock- portion of the authorized stock has been issued and sold. - Unissued Stock- those which are not yet issued. DIVIDENDS- the net income of a corporation maybe distributed to the stock holders. There
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BALANCE OF PAYMENTS Contents 1 Composition of the balance of payments sheet 1.1 Variations in the use of term "balance of payments" 1.2 The IMF definition 2 Imbalances 2.1 Causes of BOP imbalances 2.2 Reserve asset 2.3 Balance of payments crisis 3 Balancing mechanisms 3.1 Rebalancing by changing the exchange rate 3.2 Rebalancing by adjusting internal prices and demand 3.3 Rules based rebalancing mechanisms 4 History of balance of payments issues 4.1 Pre-1820: mercantilism 4.2 1820–1914:
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7 (a) Explain the current and financial accounts in the balance of payments. Balance of Payment or also called as BOP is a statistical statement that systematically records of all economic transactions between one country and the rest of the world during a given period of time. For example‚ BOP shows the details of the total payments made by a country and also the total receipts by it. There are three major components that are summarized in the BOP which are Current account‚ Capital account and
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Balance of Payment Balance of Payment is the recording system of economic and financial flows that take place over a specified time period between residents and non-residents of a given country. The residents of a country compromise of the general government‚ individual‚ private and non- profitable bodies serving individuals and enterprises. The Balance of Payment will consist mainly with three sections. 1. Current Account- This shows all the inflows and outflows of a country. 2. Capital Account-
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BOND PROBLEM SOLUTIONS 1. Six years ago‚ The Corzine Company sold a 20-year bond issue with a 14 percent annual coupon rate and a 9 percent call premium. Today‚ Corzine called the bonds. The bonds originally were sold at their face value of $1‚000. Compute the realized rate of return for investors who purchased the bonds when they were issued and who surrender them today in exchange for the call price. PV = 1000; N = 6; PMT = 140; FV = 1090; CPT I/Y I/Y = 15.02% 2. You just purchased
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Introduction to Bond Market A financial market place where debt instruments‚ primarily bonds‚ are bought and sold is called a bond market. The dealings in a bond market are limited to a small group of participants. Contrary to stock or commodities trading‚ the bond market (also known as the debt market) lacks a central exchange. The bond market (also known as the credit‚ or fixed income market) is a financial market where participants can issue new debt‚ known as the primary market‚ or buy and
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BONDS Bonds pay fixed coupon (interest) payments at fixed intervals (usually every six months) and pay the par value at maturity. Par value = $1‚000 Coupon = 6.5% or par value per year‚ or $65 per year ($32.50 every six months). Maturity = 28 years (matures in 2032). Issued by AT&T. Types of Bonds Debentures - unsecured bonds. Subordinated debentures - unsecured “junior” debt. Mortgage bonds - secured bonds. Zeros - bonds that pay only par value at maturity; no coupons. Junk bonds - speculative or
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be in equilibrium • Balance of payments in Pakistan • Causes of adverse balance of payments • Measures to correct BOP • Conclusion Introduction: Balance of payments refers to sum of both the balance of visible and invisible items. The balance of Payment is a comprehensive annualrecord of economic relation of a country with the rest of the world during a given period of time. A balance of payments (BOP) sheet is an accounting record of all monetary transactions between
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price of bonds in various situations LO14–2 Determine the price of a $1 million bond issue under each of the following independent assumptions: 1. Interest for 100‚000 @ 5.65022 is $565‚022 Principle 1M @ 0.32197 is 321‚970 PV would be 886‚992 2. Interest for 50‚000 @ 11.46992 is $573‚496 Principle 1M @ 0.31180 is 311‚800 PV would be 885‚296 3. Interest for 60‚000 @ 12.46221 is $747‚733 Principle 1M @ 0.37689 is 376‚890 PV would be 1‚124‚623 4. Interest for 60
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Excerpt from FS Series #1: enabling sub-sovereign bond issuances B3. Case 3: Alternative Financing for Water Utilities — Lessons from a Failed Bond Issue in Indonesia B3a. Background and Environment PUBLIC INVESTMENT IN THE WATER SECTOR HAS BEEN VIRTUALLY ABSENT IN INDONESIA. ACHIEVING INDONESIA’S MILLENNIUM DEVELOPMENT GOAL‚ TO HALVE THE PROPORTION OF PEOPLE WITHOUT SUSTAINABLE ACCESS TO SAFE DRINKING WATER AND BASIC SANITATION BY 2015‚ WOULD REQUIRE A TENFOLD ANNUAL INCREASE IN INVESTMENTS
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