ΔS of 70.5 J·mol−1·K−1. The rate of decomposition is dependent on the temperature (cool environment slows down decomposition‚ therefore hydrogen peroxide is often stored in refrigerator) and concentration of the peroxide‚ as well as the pH and the presence of impurities and stabilizers. Hydrogen peroxide is incompatible with many substances that catalyse its decomposition‚ including most of the transition metals and their compounds. Common catalysts include manganese dioxide‚ silver‚ and platinum.
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In liver the marker enzymes such as ALT and AST levels were recorded‚ whereas in kidney the levels of calcium‚ oxalate‚ phosphate‚ uric acid‚ creatinine‚ ALT and AST were conducted. The histopathological studies of kidney was also carried out. The values obtained in all the biochemical analyses of urine‚ serum‚ liver and kidney were presented and discussed below.
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Date performed: Feb. 26‚ 2013 Group: 6 Date submitted: March 5‚ 2013 Objective: 1. Test urine for pH‚ specific gravity‚ and the presence of electrolytes and organic compounds. 2. Test urine for the presence of abnormally occurring compounds of proteins‚ glucose and ketone bodies. Results & Observation: A. Color‚ pH and Specific Gravity Own Urine A-1 Color _____________________
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magnesium‚ and strontium were mixed with solutions containing the sulfate‚ carbonate‚ oxalate‚ and iodate polyatomic anions. Any changes that indicate a chemical reaction such as a color change‚ the formation of a precipitate‚ or the evolution of a gas should be noted. Each mixture contained five drops of the nitrate solution being tested‚ mixed with five drops of the solutions containing sulfate‚ carbonate‚ oxalate‚ or iodate. After mixing‚ the observation of chemical change was
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and the product energy remain the same while the activation energy is lowered. Arrhenius concept is about the acids and bases split into ions when they dissolved in water. The Arrhenius acid-base concept classifies a substance as an acid if it produces hydrogen ions H+ or hydronium ions in water. A substance is classified as a base if it produces hydroxide ions OH- in water. Arrhenius concept focuses on what the chemical contains or what is there in solution.
Free Chemical kinetics Chemical reaction Reaction rate
solid is often the first step in analyzing it. Calcium ions can be analyzed by precipitation with oxalate in a basic solution to form CAC2O4.H 2O. Ca2+(aq) + C2O42- (aq) + H2O(l) CAC2O4.H 2O(s) This will yield us large‚ easy to filter‚ mostly pure crystals of precipitate if carried out slowly over a long period of time‚ allowing for proper and complete precipitation. This precipitate is soluble in acidic solution seeing as oxalate anion is a weak base‚ which allows a slow precipitation
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TITRATION • reducing agents used as standard solutions: ferrous sulfate‚ FeSO4 oxalic acid‚ H2C2O4 sodium oxalate‚ Na2C2O4 sodium thiosulfate‚ Na2S2O3 titanous chloride‚ TiCl2 REDOX TITRATION • important redox titration combinations: potassium permanganate and ferrous salts potassium dichromate and ferrous salts potassium permanganate and sodium oxalate iodine and sodium thiosulfate REDOX TITRATION CURVES • resembles the curve for acid-base titration x-axis:
Free Titration Potassium permanganate Oxidizing agent
catalyst on the rate of chemical reactions. The nature of the reactants implies a difference if the reactants are aqueous or organic‚ acidic or basic or if they occur in the same phase or not. Acid-base reactions‚ formation of salts‚ and exchange of ions are fast reactions while reactions in which large molecules are formed or broken apart are usually slow. Generally‚ the rate of reaction is directly proportional to the concentration of the reactants‚ as well as to the temperature. Greater surface
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of sodium benzoate and HCl was added to it‚ ultimately producing benzoic acid. First‚ .3395 g of sodium benzoate was weighed‚ then it was dissolved in water‚ causing it to disassociate into ions. Next‚ 3M of HCl were added drop wise to the solution until it reached a pH of 2‚ thus introducing the hydronium ion. This addition caused a white‚ solid benzoic acid to precipitate out of the solution. A vacuum filtration system was used to separate the solid from the liquid. What was once water soluable
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__________________ CHEMICAL NAMES AND FORMULAS SECTION 9.1 NAMING IONS (pages 253–258) This section explains the use of the periodic table to determine the charge of an ion. It also defines polyatomic ion and gives the names and formulas for the most common polyatomic ions. Monatomic Ions (pages 253–256) 1. What are monatomic ions? Monatomic ions are ions consisting of only one atom. 2. How is the ionic charge of a Group 1A‚ 2A‚ or 3A ion determined? The ionic charge is numerically equal to the group
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