Founded in 1907 by French chemist Eugene Schueller‚ who developed an improved and innovative hair dye called Aureole‚ L’Oreal has become a multi-brand‚ multi-billion dollar company in the last century. Today‚ L’Oreal boasts twenty-five global brands and claims €17 billion of consolidated sales in 2007 (L’Oreal). In addition to the L’Oreal brand‚ other popular brands include Garnier‚ Maybelline‚ Lancome‚ Georgio Armani‚ Ralph Lauren‚ Redken and Diesel (Adage). L’Oreal was ranked sixteenth in the U.S
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Brand Extensions are an important brand growth strategy The popularity of ‘Brand extensions’ rose since 1990s‚ with the increase in competition and the high costs of developing new brands (Chernatony & McDonald‚ 2002). This concept has been derived by marketers to optimize sales and profits by launching new or modified products under the parent brand name. In definition ‘Brand extension’ is using the leverage of a well-known brand name in one category to launch a new product in a different category
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INTRODUCTION Since the late 80s‚ brand equity (BE) has been regarded as one important marketing concept in both business practice and academic research as it gives marketers more competitive advantage through successful brands (Lassar‚ Mittal‚ & Sharma‚ 1995‚ p. 11). Although there are many researches about brand equity carried on by numbers of authors‚ most of their conclusions are consistent with Farquhar’s concept of brand equity as “the value added by the brand to the product” (Srinivasan‚ Park
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Chapter 1 Related Theory Discussion 1.1 Brand: The American Marketing Association defines a brand as a "Name‚ term‚ design‚ symbol‚ or any other feature that identifies one seller ’s good or service as distinct from those of other sellers." A brand can take many forms‚ including a name‚ sign‚ symbol‚ color combination or slogan. For example‚ Coca Cola is the name of a brand make by a particular company. 1.2 Local brand: A local brand is a brand that is sold and marketed (distributed and
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self-confidence. People also purchase the Nike brand because they relate it with so many of the athletes who Nike endorses. People like LeBron James‚ Tiger Woods‚ Maria Sharapova‚ and Michael Jordan. These athletes wearing the Nike sign‚ was what really got the consumers to buy brand name items. But‚ most people don’t know where the brand Nike originated from. You might be surprised to know that one of the world’s dominant shoe‚ sports equipment and clothing brands was named after the Greek goddess of
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Table of Contents 1.0 Introduction 2 2.0 Decision Making Process 2 3.0 Need Recognition & Problem Awareness 3 4.1 Motivation 3 4.2 Motivation and Involvement 3 - 4 4.3 Promotion 4 4.0 Information Search 4 5.4 Culture and Subculture 4 - 5 5.5 Memory 5 5.6 Product 6 - 7 5.7 Promotion 7 5.0 Evaluation of Alternatives
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"Education is Not a Luxury" by Stephen Joel Trachtenberg debates that the tradition agrarian calendar is no longer necessary to society being that civilization has changed from an agricultural society into a technology era. Trachtenberg suggest a lengthening of the school year to eight months out of a year and a school day starting at 9 and ending at 5. Society’s little Respect for the educational institutions‚ causes students to not take school seriously because they’re only there for a short
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of Company Gap‚ Inc. is an apparel retailer consisting of five brands: Gap‚ Banana Republic‚ Old Navy‚ Piperlime and Athleta. The Gap was founded in the early 1970’s for a period sold Levi Strauss & Co. blue jeans. Gap entered the international markets in the late 1980’s and reached the peak of its success in the 1990’s. Gap was the largest pure apparel company in the world‚ with a growing international empire and significant brand recognition for each of its companies. However Gap’s period of
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1. Brand Communication The primary objective of the retailer is to maximize their store’s profit and an attempt to maximize the profits for each product category. To fulfill this objective and the shift in the power from manufacturers to retail chains have made it necessary for retailers to communicate their brand. It is quite common to regard advertising as a major factor in leveraging brand equity (Achenbaum‚ 1989; Lindsay‚ 1990). “The brand is separate from the functional product; being
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ADVERTISING AND BRAND MANAGEMENT TOPIC: KINGFISHER AIRLINES IN AVIATION INDUSTRY Instructor: Prof. JAYA GOPALKRISHNAN Submitted By: SOMNATH SAHA PGPM/09-11/ 108 ASHIS ROUTRAY PGPM/09-11/ 70 CHINMAYA KUMAR TRIPATHY PGPM/09-11/ 76 PREETI PGPM/09-11/ 94 MRITYUNJOY DUTTA PGPM/09-11/ 86 SOUMYARANI PANDA PGPM/09-11/ 110
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