Chemistry 1061: Principles of Chemistry I Gas Laws Gas Laws: Pressure‚ Volume‚ and Temperature Introduction Pressure‚ volume‚ and temperature are properties of gases that reveal their relationships when any one of them is varied. Changing the temperature of a gas may change its volume or pressure‚ but how? What are the mathematical relationships between these properties? Are there limits to them? Scientists have discovered through the study of properties of gases that there is indeed a theoretical
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g) initially at 4.00 atm was compressed from 8.00 L to 2.00 L at constant temperature. After the compression‚ the gas pressure was __________ atm. A) 4.00 B) 2.00 C) 1.00 D) 8.00 E) 16.0 2) A balloon originally had a volume of 4.39 L at 44 °C and a pressure of 729 torr. The balloon must be cooled to __________°C to reduce its volume to 3.78 L (at constant pressure). A) 38 B) 0 C) 72.9 D) 273 E) 546 3) If 50.75 g of a gas occupies 10.0 L at STP‚ 129.3 g of the gas will
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Chemistry Final Exam Study Guide Shara Shonn Chapter 10 – Temperature – the measure of the average kinetic energy of the molecules or atoms in a system * The higher the kinetic energy the higher the temperature Vaporization – * Vaporization – the process by which a liquid or solid changes to a gas * Occurs when particles have enough energy to escape intermolecular forces Evaporation – * Evaporation – the process by which particles escape from the surface of a non-boiling liquid
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Solve the ff. 1. A sample of He occupies 520 mL at 950 Torr and 25°C. If the sample is transferred to a 1.1-L flask at 25°C‚ what will be the gas pressure in the flask? 2. A balloon has temperature of 28°C. What will be the final temperature of the gas if the volume is reduced to half of the original under isobaric condition? 3. Calculate the volume occupied by 4.23 kg of methane gas at STP. 4. Dry ice is useful in maintaining frozen foods because it vaporizes to CO2 (g) rather than melting
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gas sample was held constant‚ its volume varied inversely with its pressure. The Kelvin scale is known as the absolute scale. Charles’ law states that volume of a given mass varies directly with its absolute temperature if the pressure remains constant. Ideal gases are those whose behavior is exactly described by Boyle’s and Charles’ laws. Avagadro’s principle says that the volume of a gas sample at a given temperature and pressure is proportional to the mass or number of moles of the gas. 2
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Forces What Is a Force? Forces represent the interaction of distinguishable objects. Specific forces: The weight W with magnitude W = m * g acts near Earth’s surface with g the gravitational acceleration. (m= mass) The normal force N is due to contact with a surface. It is directed perpendicular to the surface. The tension T is due to a taut‚ massless string. It is directed along the string. The external contact force Fext acts along the direction of the push. Unit: Force and force
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techniques can damage the skin. Identify a range of interventions that can reduce the risk of skin breakdown and pressure sores. Describe the changes to an individual skin conditions that should be reported. It is important to avoid or prevent the vulnerable areas or where sores has already formed. Regularly changing position or moving helps to prevent pressure sores developing in a vulnerable areas or to relieve already existing ones. In every clients risk assessment notes it
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SUBLIMATION Sublimation is a technique used by chemists to purify compounds. Typically a solid is placed in a vessel which is then heated under vacuum. Under this reduced pressure the solid volatilizes and condenses as a purified compound on a cooled surface‚ leaving the non-volatile impurities behind. This cooled surface often takes the form of a "cold finger" (shown in the diagram above). Once heating ceases and the vacuum is released‚ the sublimed compound can be collected from the cooled surface
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s f s f s f sdgfsdf sdf s d g sdf d d f f d sdddddddddd f gf d f ff f f s d gs df sdfgwsgsd gfsdfljkljgs sjgfskjflskjgsl sjflskjsjg skgsjjljdf s jskjljlsjlkjs sjfkjsdflgsenters the boiler at a pressure of 18 MPa‚ and saturated vapor enters the turbine. The condenser pressure is 6 kPa. Determine (a) the thermal efficiency. (b) the back work ratio. (c) the net work of the cycle per unit mass of water flowing‚ in kJ/kg. (d) the heat transfer from the working fluid passing through
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