Companies‚ Inc.‚ 2008 The Elasticity Concept • How responsive is variable “G” to a change in variable “S” EG ‚ S % ΔG = % ΔS If EG‚S > 0‚ then S and G are directly related. If EG‚S < 0‚ then S and G are inversely related. If EG‚S = 0‚ then S and G are unrelated. Michael R. Baye‚ Managerial Economics and Business Strategy‚ 6e. ©The McGraw-Hill Companies‚ Inc.‚ 2008 The Elasticity Concept Using Calculus • An alternative way to measure the elasticity of a function G = f(S) is EG
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(PBNA)‚ PepsiCo International (PI) and Quaker Foods North America (QFNA). The Pepsi Bottling Group is the company that packages and distributes Pepsi products (Pepsico‚ 2008). The product selected from PepsiCo and analyzed for income and price elasticity is Pepsi. Pepsi is a product of PBNA. PBNA also includes Mountain Dew‚ Sierra Mist‚ Tropicana‚ SoBe and Aquafina. “PBNA manufactures and sells concentrate for some of these brands to licensed bottlers‚ who sell the branded products to independent
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Income Elasticity of Demand Income elasticity of demand may be defined as the ratio or proportionate change in the quantity demanded of a commodity to a given proportionate change in the income. In short‚ it indicates the extent to which demand changes with a variation in consumer’s income. Practical application of income elasticity of demand 1. Helps in determining the rate of growth of the firm. If the growth rate of the economy and income growth of the people is reasonably forecasted‚ in that
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the most expensive gas The United States gasoline prices have been fluctuated from $3.40 a gallon to $3.60 in the last few months. As of July 20‚ 2013 the average fuel prices which is nationwide use to be $3.63 per gallon has rising up from $3.48 cents a gallon‚ which was a week apart. The recent rise in gas price have some drivers wondering if the gas price will soon be up to $4.00 a gallon by the end of this summer. The Crude oil prices have shot up partially because of the political unrest
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guaranteed due to competition Customers exploited if firms colluded and monopolies could gain too much power Stimulates economy as there is more freedom‚ creativity‚ and motivation The weak will suffer (E.g. disabled people unlikely to be employed Price works as a demand indication and
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1: Draw in a graph the short-run supply curve of a single firm. Express as a function of Q the ATC and FR-ATC curve and draw them in a separate graph. Compute the minimum level of the ATC and FR-ATC curves and represent them graphically. Task 2: Suppose that the industry consists of 10 firms with cost curves given by those in Table 1. Find the short-run equilibrium price when the market consists of these 10 firms. (You should assume that these 10 firms act as price takers.) Task 3: Assume that there
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the three theories‚ the outside market influences how goods are sold. Supply and demand: According to this theory‚ the supply of an item and its demand affect its price. An item that is in high demand will have a high price. An item that has a low demand will have a low price. Market structure is another economic pricing theory. This theory looks at how many outlets in a given area offer the same (or similar) products. Elasticity of demand measures how much someone will pay for a product before being
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economics is taught are emphasized. PAUL GRIMES‚ Section Editor Child Safety Seats on Commercial Airliners: A Demonstration of Cross-Price Elasticities Shane Sanders‚ Dennis L. Weisman‚ and Dong Li Abstract: The cross-price elasticity concept can be difficult for microeconomics students to grasp. The authors provide a real-life application of cross-price elasticities in policymaking. After a debate that spanned more than a decade and included input from safety engineers‚ medical personnel‚ politicians
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They have typical three layer blood vessel wall structure with a thick tunica media. The walls of arteries are highly compliant due to the elastic fibres present. The wall thickness of the arteries varies in based on the proximity to the heart. The elasticity of arteries allows pressure absorption from the left ventricle of the heart as it pumps blood into the arteries. There are two significant types of arteries‚ elastic and muscular. Elastic arteries are the largest in the body and include the aorta
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Theory of elasticity -stress and strain stress -constitutive equations. Theory of Plasticity y y -Yielding Criteria‚ -Von mises criterion and Tresca criterion. - Plastic analysis and limit design methods for structural systems( beams‚ frames and plates) 1-ELASTICITY yp -Introduction for different types of nonlinear behavior -Tensors symbolic -Unidirectional stress and strain Unidirectional -3D components of stress and strain - Equilibrium equations - Invariants of stresses tensor -Principal
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