Prices & Markets Lecture 1: Demand & Supply © Martin Byford 2012 Definition: Economics /iːkəәˈnɒmɪks‚ ɛk-/ noun The social science that analyses the production‚ distribution and consumption of goods and services given unlimited wants and scarce resources. ORIGIN late 16th cent. (denoting the science of household management): from ta oikonomika‚ the name of a treatise by Aristotle (or his student Theophrastus). Definition: Microeconomics /ˌmʌɪkrəәʊ-/ noun That part of economics concerned
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PRICE STABILITY 1’’Price stability is the economic term used to refer to a situation where the general price level covering consumer goods remain unchanged or if it does change‚ it happens at a low rate so that it is not strong enough to make any significant influence on economic decision of participants in a economy. We encounter prices in different forms in our daily life activities as buyers or sellers when we get engaged in consumption‚ investment or trade. In market economy‚ price changes
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The market system is the mechanism for allocating scarce resources and thereby encouraging a positive investment climate. The problem of scarcity is common in all economic structures. The economic system of a particular country is the way in which its people‚ businesses and government make choices. Demand is the amount of a product consumers are willing and able to purchase at any given time. However‚ supply is the amount of a product that is available at any given time. The following diagram shows
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overall demand for iPods. Price elasticity is a tool designed to identify the overall change in demand or supply of a product compared to the overall movement of price. For the sake of this paper‚ we will focus on the overall change in demand from consumers. Elasticity is calculated by creating a ratio of the percentage change in demand of a good compared to the percentage change in price. If the percentage change in demand is greater than the percentage change in price‚ the product would have a
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VALUE Vs PRICE There are four major attributes of a commodity i.e.‚ an item or service produced for‚ and sold on the market has four major attributes. They are: • a value • a use‐value (or utility) • an exchange value • a price (it could be an actual selling price or an imputed ideal price) VALUE In simple words‚ value refers to the importance of a thing or utility of a commodity. But in economics the term “value” has a quite different meaning. According to the famous economist
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Analysts expect gas prices to decrease or remain mostly flat not only in 2014‚ but for years to come. Nonetheless‚ drivers in some states will see higher prices at the pump‚ starting January 1. Gas prices may not have seemed all that cheap in 2013. But in fact‚ prices for the year as a whole were less expensive than they have been. According toAAA’s year-end report‚ American drivers paid $3.49 per gallon of regular‚ on average for 2013. That’s the cheapest per-gallon average since 2010; the national
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International Oil Price Rise: The Indian Situation In this Article‚ an effort has been made to trace the impact of an increase in international oil prices on Indian economy outlining the various transmission mechanisms. These transmission mechanisms take into account some of the important macroeconomic relationships‚ as relevant to the Indian context‚ and the administered nature of domestic oil price in India. The three broad channels through which the international oil prices impact the macroeconomy
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Price Differentiation vs. Price Discrimination Price differentiation and price discrimination: two terms used in Marketing and Economy. First of all‚ it is appropriate to make an accurate definition for both of the terms. Price differentiation is a pricing strategy that “charges different segments of customers altered prices for the same products or services.” Likewise‚ we can meet with the same definition if we look for price discrimination definition. Then‚ is there a difference between price
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disadvantages of price wars for different social groups By Nelson Rodriguez Price war is a situation in which rivals companies try to increase the number of consumers by attracting those who are buying from other companies through price lowering (This is common for commodity products that are so similar that price reduction may look as the only alternative to gain more customers).After each reduction there is a period of stability in which all afferents have the same price‚ but this equilibrium
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R. Preston McAfee‚ Price Discrimination‚ in 1 ISSUES IN COMPETITION LAW AND POLICY 465 (ABA Section of Antitrust Law 2008) Chapter 20 _________________________ PRICE DISCRIMINATION R. Preston McAfee* This chapter sets out the rationale for price discrimination and discusses the two major forms of price discrimination. It then considers the welfare effects and antitrust implications of price discrimination. 1. Introduction The Web site of computer manufacturer Dell asks prospective buyers
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