149 Control w it h fairness in transfer pricing A transfer price is useless unless unit managers feel they are being treated fairly while top management retains control Robert G. Eccles It seems straightforward on the face of it: when a unit in a company sells a product to another unit‚ it ought to charge a fair price. That price may be based on what it cost to make the product‚ or on the market price of the product‚ or on some combination of these two. But as most managers
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Chapter 11 Pricing Strategy Multiple Choice Questions 1. _____ on pricing decisions concern primarily the nature of the target market and expected reactions of consumers to a given price or change in price. a. Government influences b. Environmental influences c. Supply influences d. Demand influences Answer: d Learning Objective: 11-1 Level of Difficulty: Easy Bloom’s: Knowledge AACSB: Analytic Topic: Demand Influences On Pricing Decisions Page: 163 Explanation: Demand
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Documentary letter of credit When a buyer in one country wants to pay a seller abroad he asks his bank to «issue» or to «open» a letter of credit. It means that the buyer’s bank issues a documentary letter of credit. It is an agreement with banks‚ made by a buyer‚ provided certain conditions are fulfilled. The issuing bank asks its correspondent bank — usually in the seller’s country — to advise and confirm the credit. The advising bank informs the seller that the credit has been opened. As soon
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Holding the card against or waving it over an Octopus card reader from up to a few centimeters away without the user taking out the card. The reader will acknowledge payment by emitting a beep sound‚ and display the amount deducted and the remaining balance of the card in 0.3 seconds. In MTR When riding the MTR system‚ the entry point of commuters is noted when a passenger enters‚ and the appropriate amount based on distance traveled will be deducted when the users show their card again at the
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Pricing Strategy and Channel Distribution Pricing Strategy and Channel Distribution Determine and discuss a pricing strategy (Penetration or Skimming). The pricing strategy for Crystal Light Kicks will eventually be in line with current pricing of other Crystal Light products as the Crystal Light brand is already in existence. Current Crystal Light pricing is at a suggested retail price of $2.56 oz for a 1.4 oz package ($3.54) that includes 10 on the go packets and $1.25 oz for a
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Definition Pricing is a powerful element of a small business’s marketing strategy. The pricing structure of your products and services‚ and how it relates to your competitors’ pricing strategies and the expectations of consumers‚ play an important role in creating an image for your company and establishing a specific customer base. An analysis of pricing strategy reveals that companies have a range of options in their pricing toolkit they can use to augment their marketing initiatives. Pricing strategy
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Table of Contents 1. The Need for Pricing 2. Pricing Software Industry Products 3. Licensing 4. Pricing Discrimination 5. Bundling 6. Other Pricing Issues 7. Summary The Need for Pricing Pricing has far reaching effects beyond the cost of the product. Pricing is just as much a positioning statement as a definition of the cost to buy. Price defines the entry threshold: who your buyers are and their sensitivities‚ which competitors you will encounter‚ who you will
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Pricing Strategies Marketing 0571 September 27‚ 2012 Pricing Strategies Price is one of the key elements to consider when deciding which products and services to provide and where to sell them (Kotler‚ & Keller (2006). Companies face several pricing issues when selling products and services abroad. Once a company decides on which country to sell in‚ it must determine the best mode of entry. Some choices of entry are indirect exporting‚ direct exporting‚ licensing‚ joint ventures
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MARKETING Session III: Pricing Policy Question I: Why is pricing policy so important in the marketing mix of a product ? What is pricing? Pricing is the process of determining what a compagny will receive in Exchange for its products. Pricing strategy is important for several aspects in the compagny wich are: Survival : short-term objectives are set in order to survive Profit :the objective is to maximise profits Return on investment : prices are set to attain a specified return on
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. Pricing Strategies: 1. Penetration Pricing: This pricing strategy is followed by companies with the intention to maximize their market share. They believe that a higher sales volume will lead to lower unit costs & higher long-run profit. Example: China Mobile Phones in India.This is one of the fastest growing industries in India. China mobile phones are cheap and offer the same features as a expensive mobile from some other well known manufacturer few samples of Chinese mobiles are shown
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