EQUITY THEORY • This process theory focuses on workers’ perceptions of the fairness of their work outcomes and inputs. Specifically they strive to maintain ratios of their own rewards to contributions which are equal to others’ ratios . EQUITY EQUATIONS • Equity – Outcomes (self) Inputs (self) = Outcomes (other) Inputs (other) •Underpayment Inequity Outcomes (self) Inputs (self) • Overpayment Inequity Outcomes (self) Inputs (self) < Outcomes (other) Inputs (other) > Outcomes
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The Stakeholder Theory Charles Fontaine Antoine Haarman Stefan Schmid - December 2006 - Stakeholder Theory of the MNC Index 1. Introduction ........................................................................................3 2. Basic idea of the Stakeholder Theory and Definition ....................3 2.1. 2.2. 2.3. 2.4. 2.5. The stakeholder concept – popular and trendy..........................................................................4 Different definitions of Stakeholder
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What is Dependence Theory? Dependency theory is a theory of how developing and developed nations interact. It can be seen as an opposition theory to the popular free market theory of interaction. Dependency theory was first formulated in the 1950s‚ drawing on a Marxian analysis of the global economy‚ and as a direct challenge to the free market economic policies of the post-War era. The free market ideology holds‚ at its most basic‚ that open markets and free trade benefit developing nations‚ helping
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Phlogiston Theory According to the phlogiston theory‚ propounded in the 17th century‚ every combustible substance consisted of a hypothetical principle of fire known as phlogiston‚ which was liberated through burning‚ and a residue. The word phlogiston was first used early in the 18th century by the German chemist Georg Ernst Stahl. Stahl declared that the rusting of iron was also a form of burning in which phlogiston was freed and the metal reduced to an ash or calx. The theory was superseded
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ERG Theory The ERG Theory is a motivational theory derived from Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs. This theory was established in order to better serve employees of different organizations. Maslow’s Hierarchy was seen as not sufficient enough because of the idea that individuals could not go back and forth through the different needs. Different people are motivated differently and that is why the ERG theory was developed (Huitt‚ 2001). Motivation can be different for everyone‚ and in order to understand
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a situation as real‚ it is real only in its consequences. INTRODUCTION Labelling theory‚ stemming from the influences of Cooley‚ Mead‚ Tannenbaum‚ and Lemert‚ has its origins somewhere within the context of the twentieth century. However‚ Edwin Lemert is widely considered the producer and founder of the original version of labelling theory. This paper‚ not a summary‚ provides a brief history of labelling theory‚ as well as‚ its role in the sociology of deviance. It attempts to explore the contributions
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Theories and Hypotheses: The Differences and Similarities Abstract This paper is an examination of theories and hypotheses‚ their differences and similarities. The four major types of theories studied are Deductive‚ Inductive‚ Grounded and Axiomatic. Each type of theories is introduced and explained. Additionally‚ a hypothesis is defined in relation to a theory‚ and the key differences between the two explained. The variables which exist between the theories
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Motivational theories have been studied by many scientists for many years. Motivation is “the processes that account for an individual’s intensity‚ direction‚ and persistence of effort toward attaining a goal.” In laymen terms motivation has been said to be a reasoning of why people do the things that they do or say some of the things they say and want some of the things they want. Many scientists put a lot of time and effort into the study of human beings and this intriguing topic testing hypotheses
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Liberterian theory is a political philosophy that advocates free will‚ indivual rights‚ and voluntary cooperation. (Boaz‚ David 1997) The core doctrine of liberterianism begins with the recognition that people have certain natural rights to personal autonomy and property rights‚ and the right to ultilization of previoously unsued resourses. These two basic assumptions form the foundation of Liberterian ideas. Liberterianism can be tracked back to ancient China‚ where phillosopher Lao-tzu advocated
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Introduction Accounting is a very old science as it is strictly related to the first forms of trade in the old world. According to Belkaoui (1992: 22)‚ the Committee on Terminology of American Institute of Certified Public Accountants (AICPA) defines accounting as follows: "Accounting is the art of recording‚ classifying and summarising in a significant manner and in terms of money‚ transactions and events which are in part at least‚ of a financial character‚ and interpreting the results thereof
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