CHAPTER 8 Introduction to Hypothesis Testing 8.1 Inferential Statistics and Hypothesis Testing LEARNING OBJECTIVES 8.2 Four Steps to Hypothesis Testing After reading this chapter‚ you should be able to: 8.3 Hypothesis Testing and Sampling Distributions 8.4 Making a Decision: Types of Error 8.5 Testing a Research Hypothesis: Examples Using the z Test 8.6 Research in Focus: Directional Versus Nondirectional Tests 8.7 Measuring the Size
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section of the article). 6 pts Example of a directional hypothesis: Dogs will spend more time in physical contact with their sick owners than will cats. The first hypothesis was homophobic men are more sexually aroused to homosexual signs then non-homophobic men. The second hypothesis was homophobic men are more hostile or aggressive than non-homophobic men. 2) Did the results of the study support or refute the researchers’ first hypothesis/prediction? Explain how you came to this conclusion.
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A hypothesis is a claim Population mean The mean monthly cell phone bill in this city is μ = $42 Population proportion Example: The proportion of adults in this city with cell phones is π = 0.68 States the claim or assertion to be tested Is always about a population parameter‚ not about a sample statistic Is the opposite of the null hypothesis e.g.‚ The average diameter of a manufactured bolt is not equal to 30mm ( H1: μ ≠ 30 ) Challenges the status quo Alternative never contains
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Detecting Media Bias Everyone has their opinion. How much opinion should be allowed when it comes to the news? Is it possible to see a reporter’s bias when they report the events happening in our towns‚ states‚ country‚ or the world? This is when the reader‚ listener‚ or viewer needs to follow specific tips to understand the information at hand. The public has the ability to differentiate between facts and impressions. Recently‚ there was an article online about a bill that has stumbled in
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Bias in writing Writing has many goals. Those goals can be to inform or persuade the reader. The key here is to be objective. Complete objectivity is not possible because bias is inevitable. Bias is when a person prefers an idea and he or she does not give an equal chance to another idea. By not giving the opposing idea a chance‚ the topic is being clouded. Bias can occur when certain language or stereotyping or one sided opinions are used to convey a message to the reader. The reader would get
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something is true or false. When determining if something is true or false‚ bias can play a role in the final verdict. Conformational bias is “the idea that we only believe information that is similar to our beliefs is the start of the problem” of people believing fake news (Sundar). This can ultimately push a voter to one side or the another. If the voter was a Trump supporter but still had some thoughts about Hillary Clinton‚ his bias when reading an article‚ even with false information supporting Donald
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to be successful in any sort of way. So to hear that I may have been put at a disadvantage because of gender bias in the classroom upsets me in a way. I mean not to an extent where I think that every single thing I have ever learned was made so a woman could understand it‚ but just in the way that maybe something I didn’t understand could have been better explained but due to gender bias the ability to learn a certain subject to my complete potential was kept from me. But I think that the differences
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Hypothesis testing I Kevin Soo Outline • • • • Theory and the research process What is a hypothesis? Hypothesis testing Statistical models Theory and the research process Theory • A belief – Can be true or false – P (belief) • A proposed/possible explanation for something – ‘Some students do poorly at statistics because they have less exposure to mathematics’ – ‘Women don’t date me because I’m ugly’ – ‘Manchester United lost the Premier League because they struggled with injury
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Introduction One problem that plagues us everyday without us even realizing it is media bias. We see it in the news. We see it on our favorite sitcoms. We read it everyday in the paper. Yet‚ we really don’t recognize it when we hear it or see it. Media bias is evident in every aspect of the media‚ yet the problem is that we don’t even recognize it when it is right in front of our faces. Are the impressions that we form about individuals a product of the media? Do we form certain opinions
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problem of unconscious bias in the workplace by choosing people from different backgrounds. They were offered emotional intelligence inputs and trained to work with each other right from the start. The solution was bound to have long-term positive effects and even corporate giants like Google announced a 20% yearly increase in diversity at the workplace in 2015. However‚ technological advances tend to appear suddenly and without warning. Bias in offices
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