Public-Interest Litigation (PIL‚ or जनहित याचिका) is litigation for the protection of the public interest. In Indian law‚ Article 32 of the Indian constitution contains a tool which directly joints the public with judiciary. A PIL may be introduced in a court of law by the court itself (suo motu)‚ rather than the aggrieved party or another third party. For the exercise of the court’s jurisdiction‚ it is not necessary for the victim of the violation of his or her rights to personally approach the
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Cigarette Litigation In August 1970 a leading tobacco defense attorney‚ David R. Hardy‚ wrote a confidential letter warning that indiscreet comments by industry scientists‚ including references to biologically active components of cigarette smoke and the search for a safer cigarette‚ constitute a real threat to the continued success in the defense of smoking and health litigation. The actual knowledge on the part of the defendant that smoking is generally dangerous to health‚ that certain ingredients
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Monique Priorello November 5‚ 2012 Constitutional Law Prisoner Rights Of all forms of punishment‚ the death penalty is by far the most controversial and also the most rarely used. Capital punishment was once almost the only penalty applied to convicted felons. By the time of the American Revolution‚ the English courts had defined more than 200 felonies‚ all of which were “capital offenses”. However‚ many death penalties were not carried out; instead‚ offenders were pardoned or banished
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Civil Litigation vs. Criminal Litigation If somebody commits a crime or does wrong doing to another what category does it fit under? Is it civil case or a criminal case? Although there are many similarities between civil litigation procedures and criminal litigation procedures‚ several differences exist among them. The first difference among the two procedures is what even defines them. A civil case involves a wrong doing between two private parties in which the victim is suing for damages or
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Overton-Scheron475f10onlinefinal Scheron Overton December 09‚ 2010 Public Administration The Case of Donald Rumsfeld and Prisoner Abuse at Abu Ghraib Introduction The report on the case of Donald Rumsfeld starts off with Rumsfeld’s hearing (May 7‚ 2004) with the Senate Armed Services Committees. His response to the question of whether he should resign or not; is “If I felt I could not be effective‚ I’d resign in a minute.” The report also gives an
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Having faith and gaining knowledge of the truth can be a taxing journey‚ but it will always be worth it. In “The Allegory of the Cave” by Plato‚ a prisoner living in a cave is forced to learn the truth. The shadows he sees are not real‚ but are made to seem like they are. He is taken up into the sun and learns the truth. Figuratively‚ the truth he learns is that God is real and the shadows being created by society are not. He has a choice to make on whether he will go back into the cave to tell others
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these people that are tied up is just the shadows of all different things that are walking along behind them including people and animals. When one of the prisoners escapes his bonds he goes out and sees the real world for what it truly is and this person goes back to try to tell the other prisoners. The other prisoners just see the escaped prisoner as a shadow with a voice that they can’t understand. The Matrix is very similar because Neo the main character starts out living in a fake reality of the
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1724160 Meric Dogan Lab Assignment 2 Prisoner ’s Dilemma Since the beginning of the history humans have been competing for their benefits. It is the basic instinct we have until we are dead. Even to born there is a race between cells. I think prisoners dilemma situation is the best example for that instinct. Kollocks (1990) declared that people are trapped by the Prisoner ’s Dilemma only if they treat themselves as prisoners by passively accepting the suboptimum strategy the
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In Plato ’s "The Allegory of the Cave‚" Socrates tells an allegory of the hardship of understanding reality. Using metaphors Socrates compares a prisoner in an underground cave who is exploring a new strange world he never knew of to people who are trying to find a position of knowledge in reality. Through it‚ Plato attempts to map a man ’s journey through education and describes what is needed to achieve a perfect society. According to Socrates‚ most people tend to rely on their senses excessively
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them. The prisoners will see their shadows casted on the wall‚ created by the fire behind the low wall. They would believe that whenever a person passing by would speak‚ it was the shadowing speaking. These prisoners would see reality as shadows on a wall because that’s all they have ever seen. “Now if they could talk to each other‚ don’t you think they’d believe what they saw was reality?” “Necessarily” (Plato 175). As Plato keeps describing the situation he states that what if the prisoners could
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