discretion in financial statements for purposeful adjustments of earnings figures beyond the true and fair view (Leuz et al. 2003‚ cited by U. Schäffer et al.‚ 2012). There are two methods which are Income Smoothing and Big Bath. “Income Smoothing involves taking steps to reduce the good years and defer them for use during the business down-turn years” (Gin Chong‚ 2006). In comparison‚ Big Bath manipulation in the financial statistics indicates a great fluctuation. However‚ Income Smoothing is more ethical
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engagement on prospective information or pro forma information‚ accountants must do all of the following except: B. Understand the internal controls used in the processes that generated the information A.20 If a nonissuer wants an accountant to perform an examination of its internal controls‚ the accountant should follow: B. AICPA AT 501‚ “An examination of an entity’s internal control over financial reporting that is integrated with an audit of its financial statements.” A.21 A review service engagement
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1 Income Inequality The rich‚ the middle class and the poor. These so-called "titles" are defining Americans today. What is income inequality and why is it a problem? Income inequality is the extent to which income is distributed in a population. In the United States‚ that gap between the poor and the rich has expanded immensely over the past ten years. Income inequality is a constantly debated topic today with different opinions and solutions; economists‚ writers‚ and politicians all have different
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treated as equals from birth therefore any egalitarian would stand in a position that favors equality. Having stated that‚ an egalitarian would therefore have agreed with the statement that income inequality is morally wrong as they automatically become morally suspicious regardless of the context if one person earns more income than another or even acquires
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Sheet completes this calculation for you‚ based on inputs that are provided in the top portion of the “Assumptions and Statements” tab. In completing this task‚ you’ll need to address some accounting issues highlighted in the case. Kerr’s job is to try to unwind accounting choices that might provide transitory increases in Net Income‚ which would have the effect of overstating Net Income‚ and hence the value of Dragon Soup. The goal is to establish the true value of Dragon. This exercise is not intended
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Memorandum –to-the- File: Comprehensive Income Date: June 5‚ 2013 RE: Question about the definition or example of comprehensive income. Facts: I have been contacted by my client who has asked the question about the definition or example of comprehensive income. In recent years‚ there is increased use of fair values for measuring assets and liabilities. Furthermore‚ possible reporting of gains and losses related to fair value has placed a strain on income reporting. Because fair values are continually
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4. Now complete the tables to develop pro forma financial statements for 1996 and 1998. In making these calculations‚ assume that the bank is willing to maintain the present credit lines and to grant the requested additional $12750000 of short-term credit effective January 1‚ 1996. In the analysis‚ take account of the amounts of inventory and accounts receivable that would be carried if inventory utilization and day’s sales outstanding were set at industry-average levels. also‚ assume in your forecast
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Reporting Comprehensive Income FASB topic 220-10-45 outlines what is required for companies to report comprehensive income (CI). To do this‚ the entity must report CI either in a single continuous financial statement or in two separate but consecutive financial statements. If an entity prefers to report CI in a single continuous financial statement‚ then the entity must report the components in two sections entitled net income and other comprehensive income (OCI). For both net income‚ and OCI‚ a total
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Chapter 5: Essentials of Financial Statement Analysis Evaluating accounting “quality” How do we define financial reporting quality? Qualitative characteristics of accounting Information: Understandability Decision usefulness Reliability Relevance Consistency Comparability 1 Attributes of High Quality Financial Reporting Financial reporting (earnings) quality has been considered positively associated with the following: High persistence of earnings and cash flows
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Federal Income Tax Professor Lon Sobel Southwestern Law School Study Guide Fall 2010 Copyright © 2010 by Lionel S. Sobel SCALE – Federal Income Tax SCALE – Federal Income Tax Southwestern Law School FEDERAL INCOME TAX Syllabus‚ Course Requirements‚ and Grading Criteria Professor Lon Sobel SCALE II- Period 4 Fall 2010 PHONE: 213-738-6756 EMAIL: lsobel@swlaw.edu OFFICE: BW325 ___________________________ I. COURSE MATERIALS A. Required Text or Course Materials The assigned readings
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