Introduction Prior to researching this topic‚ my impression of management was limited. My concept was meshed within the framework of business and economics. Therefore‚ my definition of this construct was in error. For rectification‚ and foundational reference‚ management is the process of directing resources towards the accomplishment of a specific goal. This definition‚ one that I have derived from the compilation of many‚ incorporates two key variables. The first operative word in this definition
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1. There are many criticisms about budget‚ but using budget can increase sales‚ decentralize and empower to lower level. According to the reading articles‚ budgetary can replace the fixed performance target with openness and transparency. And also management can give employees more freedom to manage. For example‚ Musimundo did not have budget before 2004. After 2004‚ it had established budget system. The budget was separated in two ways which were bottom-up and top-down. Employees who are at the
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Meaning and Need for Budget Everyone is familiar with the idea of a budget because it is essential in every walk of our life – national‚ domestic and business. A budget is prepared to have effective utilisation of funds and for the realisation of objectives as efficiently as possible. Budgeting is a powerful tool to the management for performing its functions (i.e.‚ formulating plans‚ coordinating activities and controlling operations etc.) efficiently. CIMA London defines budget as‚ “A plan quantified
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Introduction to budget A budget is a financial plan for business‚ prepared in advance. It is defined by cima as ‘a plan expressed in money’. Cash flow forecasting is the process of estimating cash inflows and cash outflows over a period of time‚ usually for a period of 1 year. Cash Budget is the process of estimating cash inflows and cash outflows over a period of time‚ usually prepared monthly. Cash flows is the amount of money flowing into and out of a business over a period of time. Cash inflows
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History of Indian Budget India’s first Finance Minister Sir R.K. Shanmugham Chetty‚ presented the first Finance Budget of independent India on November 26‚ 1947. Since then‚ 28 differentUnion Finance Ministers have been presenting the budget year after year. Initially‚ major attention was paid towards the agriculture sector but as the economy evolved‚ the focus shifted from agriculture to other sectors like industrial‚ financial etc. During the early the fifties‚ Indian budget highlights revolved
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Budget Interpretation Budgets help to bring spending under control and lead the way for the development of plans that enable an organization to become or remain fiscally sound. For an organization to develop or maintain financial stability‚ it must understand the purpose of budgeting and how to apply the various budgeting techniques that will help promote and expand the business. Budgeting requires organizations to use financial projections to attract investors and secure grants or donations‚ which
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Master Budget Master Budget Definition The master budget is the aggregation of all lower-level budgets produced by a company’s various functional areas‚ and also includes budgeted financial statements‚ a cash forecast‚ and a financing plan. The master budget is typically presented in either a monthly or quarterly format‚ and usually covers a company’s entire fiscal year. An explanatory text may be included with the master budget‚ which explains the company’s strategic direction‚ how the master
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1. Budgeting - An Introduction A budget is a plan that outlines an organizations financial or operational goals. It is an action plan. It helps a business allocate resources‚ evaluate performance‚ and formulate plans. Understanding the importance of budgeting is the first step in successful financial planning. This tutorial introduces budgeting and the 5 most commonly used methods of budgeting 2. Preparing & Controlling a Budget Budgeting is potentially a managers most valuable planning and
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Eisenhower wanted Communism to be contained while Kennedy wanted flexible response. It all started out with Karl Marx. He created the idea of Communism‚ which is the theory of everything being publicly owned and workers get paid based off their abilities(Ayers 756). This led to the presidents having to use ideas like containment and flexible response. Containment is stopping the spread of a certain idea created by George F. Kennan(Ayers 819). Flexible response is defending without using nuclear missiles(Ayers
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NTPC (NATIONAL THERMAL POWER CORPORATION) INTRODUCTION: NTPC Limited is the largest thermal power generating company of India. A public sector company‚ it was incorporated in the year 1975 to accelerate power development in the country as a wholly owned company of the Government of India. At present‚ Government of India holds 89.5% of the total equity shares of the company and the balance 10.5 is held by FIIs. Domestic Banks‚ Public and others. Within a span of 31 years‚ NTPC has emerged as
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