CHAPTER 3 LOAD FLOW ANALYSIS [CONTENTS: Review of solution of equations‚ direct and iterative methods‚ classification of buses‚ importance of slack bus and YBUS based analysis‚ constraints involved‚ load flow equations‚ GS method: algorithms for finding the unknowns‚ concept of acceleration of convergence‚ NR method- algorithms for finding the unknowns‚ tap changing transformers‚ Fast decoupled load flow‚ illustrative examples] REVIEW OF NUMERICAL SOLUTION OF EQUATIONS The numerical analysis
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Economics of General Motors The role of the automotive industry in U.S economy is quite important. Given the multiplier effect‚ its impacts on other industries such as glass‚ steel and rubber‚ so it is considered an industry that shows some level of welfare in the economy one that has a greater share of production in manufacturing. The automobile industry provides thousands upon thousands of jobs‚ and in the last century the automobile has revolutionized the world‚ and become an indispensible
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Projecting Cash Flow Projecting cash flow is a vital aspect of managing a business. Cash flow covers expenses‚ which is why start-ups often seek financing or loans--to provide a base of capital to fund the business while waiting for cash flow. Here is how to project your cash flow. Estimating the incremental cash flow requires from the investment itself‚ acquiring and disposing of the investment’s assets and the cash flows from the operating the investment. Those affected by the revenues‚ expenditures
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Fund Flow Statements Meaning of Fund Fund Flow Statement is widely used tool in the hands of financial executives for analyzing the financial performance of a concern. Funds keep on moving in a business which itself is based on a going concern concept. In broader sense‚ the term “fund” refers to money values in whatever form it may exits. Meaning of Flow of Fund The term ‘Flow’ means change. Thus flow of fund means change in fund or change in working capital. Flow of fund is said to have taken
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Free Flow Layout Free flow layout is an irregular arrangement of retail setting that encourages a formless traffic flow. It is mainly used in stores which have wide range of products. Easy to navigate and display to another were one of the major characteristics of free flow layout. Compare to the other retail layout‚ free flow layout had no particular display pattern. All the fixtures and products were grouped and located in flowing patterns on the sales floor. This layout usually used in stores
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discounted cash flow (DCF In finance‚ discounted cash flow (DCF) analysis is a method of valuing a project‚ company‚ or asset using the concepts of the time value of money. All future cash flows are estimated and discounted to give their present values (PVs) — the sum of all future cash flows‚ both incoming and outgoing‚ is the net present value (NPV)‚ which is taken as the value or price of the cash flows in question. Using DCF analysis to compute the NPV takes as input cash flows and a discount
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FUND FLOW ANALYSIS Every business concern‚ at the end of its financial period‚ prepares Income Statements and Balance Sheet. Income Statements show the net result‚ Net Profit‚ of the business operations and contains various expenses incurred and losses and revenue earned during that period. Balance Sheet gives a summary of assets and liabilities as on a particular date and shows the financial position of the business. The liabilities side of a balance sheet shows the sources from where funds
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The circular flow of income model is a theoretical representation of the economy. It shows the distribution of income within the economy and the interaction between the different sectors in a modern market economy. The five-sector model is a more elaborate model in comparison to the basic‚ two‚ three and four sector models. The model represents an economy like Australia and divides the economy into five main sectors. The first sector in the model is the Households sector. This sector refers to
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highlighted the inconsistent results of statistical process control routinely faced by Quality Control Managers. Product weight readings were taken from the manufacturing floor‚ entered into an Excel spreadsheet and analyzed. The results produced no predictable under or over filling trend despite the fact that the same people used the same scales at the same time of day. The problem is simple and fundamental. Human error is an inevitable part of the process of collecting statistical data. This is consistently
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elements with no more than two elements connected to any one node. § Connected graph – if and only if there is a path between every pair of nodes. § Oriented graph – if each element of a connected graph is assigned a direction. Example : Single-line diagram: 2 4 1 G G 3 G Oriented connected graph: 7 1 6 2 3 4 5 4 2 1 3 0 Bus Admittance Matrix 1 -- A.C. Nerves‚ U.P. Dept. of Electrical & Electronics Engineering‚ Nov. 13 2003 1 § Tree – a connected
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