Economic Cost of “Power Outages” By Dr. Aisha Ghaus-Pasha Table of Contents Page No. 1. Causes of Power Outages 1 2. Quantifying Outage Costs 2 3. Incidence of Outages 4 4. Pattern of Direct Costs 5 5. Types of Adjustments to Outages 5 6. Extent of Recovery of Output 6 7. Total Outage Costs to the Industrial Sector 6 8. National Costs of Load Shedding 7 9. Policy Implications 9 9.1. Investment in Power Sector 9 9.2. Load Management
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Cost Accounting: A Managerial Emphasis‚ EXHIBIT 11-1 Accounting Information and the Decision Process FIVE-STEP SEQUENCE Step 1: Gathering Information AN ILLUSTRATION The current manufacturing line uses 20 employees‚ 15 operating machines‚ and 5 handling materials‚ for a total cost of $640‚000. The rearrangement of the manufacturing assembly line is expected to eliminate materials-handling costs‚ equivalent to $160‚000. The cost of the rearrangement will be $90‚000. Historical
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Toyota Financial Services (TFS) recently undertook a major business transition programme to in-source its back-office functions. This required that a large number of Toyota and Lexus retail finance contracts‚ together with all their associated transaction data‚ be converted from an external IBM mainframe-based system to an in-house system. The new system was based on the Lynx "Portfolio" software package using Unix and Oracle technology. ATD consultants worked closely with TFS throughout the data
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Question 2 Show the PPF curve under decreasing and increasing returns to labour. The Production possibility frontier analyses the most efficient use of company resources to achieve different levels of production of output. Labour is one of the variables factors of production. One unique feature of the PPF is that one alternative is usually foregone in order to maximize the production of another product‚ for example‚ in a refinery a manager may decide to deploy more human resources to produce
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INTRODUCTION Cost accounting is an important tool in the management of any business firm or organization‚ which includes those in the small scaled industry. In the cause of our research instrument indicated the maintenance of improper and inadequate records coupled with the fact that cost methods used‚ through sometimes effective‚ were unconventional. For a small scale business to approach profit maximization level‚ it must be effective in cost control procedures and appropriate books
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Flowchart 1 is an overview of the Production Cycle. The Production Cycle is a recurring set of business activities and related data processing operations associated with the manufacture of products. In understanding the flowchart it is best to look at its relationships and interactions with the other cycles. Using a context diagram‚ the Production Cycle was shown as being linked to the Revenue Cycle by receiving customer orders and sales forecasts from the Revenue Cycle‚ and
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Transformational leadership Who is a leader? Leader is a person who has the capacity to influence other people to accomplish a certain task and directs people in an organisation or a group to achieve its objective in a different way that makes it well-integrated. Leader always establish a clear and long term goal‚ share the information or ideas with others. According to Jago‚ Good leaders are made not born. Any people who have the desire and willpower can be an effective leader. Good leaders develop
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Overview Welcome to the study of cost accounting. This introductory chapter explains the intertwining roles of managers and management accountants in choosing an organization’s strategy‚ and in planning and controlling its operations. Unlike the remainder of the textbook‚ this chapter has no “number crunching.” Its main purpose is to emphasize the management accountant’s role in providing information for managers. Review Points organization. Cost accounting provides information
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The Production Possibility Frontier Consider the case of an island economy that produces only two goods: wine and grain. In a given period of time‚ the islanders may choose to produce only wine‚ only grain‚ or a combination of the two according to the following table: Production Possibility Table Wine|Grain| (Thousand of bottles)|(Thousand of bushels)| 0|15| 5|14| 9|12| 12|9| 14|5| 15|0| The production possibility frontier (PPF)
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Wheat production and scarcity Economic is a social science which focuses on human behaviors and deals with scarcity. So economist study scarce resources to satisfy unlimited human wants‚ and this definition is deals with two things 1- The scarce resources 2- Unlimited human wants Scarcity is the central of economic problem and the scarcity means the available resources are not sufficient to produce all goods and services that are wanted A society’s resources include natural endowments
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