What is a static budget? A static budget is a budget that does not change as volume changes. If a company’s annual master budget is a static budget‚ the budget for sales commissions expense will be one amount such as $200‚000 for the year. In other words‚ in a static budget the budgeted amount for sales commissions expense will remain at $200‚000 even if the actual sales during the year are $3 million‚ $4 million or $5 million. In contrast to a company’s static master budget‚ the company’s sales
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planned targets become difficult to be attained due to uncertainties ie;inflation‚scarcity of materials‚ increasing transport costs‚ natural hazards‚etc.Such uncertainties may enforce an organization to alter or adjust its plans and performance standards. Therefore planning and controlling are inseparable processes that are continuously maintained in an organization .Having good plans while the controls are not effective will not enable the organization to perform well‚ this is
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Introduction 3 Standard Cost 3 History of Standard Costing 4 Disadvantage of Standard Cost 4 Advantage and benefits of Standard Costing 5 & 6 The relevance of standard in Brittan and rest of the world 6 Overhead 7 Conclusion 8 Reference and Bibliography 9 Introduction This report is based on the relevance of standard costing in Modern Britain‚
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Journal of Applied Psychology 1973‚ Vol. 58‚ No. 1‚ 116-121 EFFECTS OF ITEM FORMAT ON ITEM DISCRIMINATION AND DIFFICULTY ARTHUR L. DUDYCHA 1 AND JAMES B. CARPENTER 2 Purdue University The tests and measurement literature is replete with multiple-choice item construction rules‚ most of which have little or no empirical verification. Item stem orientation (positive/negative)‚ structure (open/closed)‚ and the presence or absence of an inclusive alternative were systematically investigated
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BUDGET MANAGEMENT ANALYSIS To have a basis in illustrating the analysis of variance or difference between budgeted and actual figures‚ the budget of a sampled (unknown) company was utilized (http://www.smallbusinessnotes.com/business-finances/budgeting-systems.html). | | | | | | | | |
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From: Candidate Subject: New Look Jackets Variance Analyses and Draft Operating Budget Introduction The following report explains the significance and reasons for the variances in New Look Jacket’s 2012 detailed variance report and provides a draft operating budget for 2013. Analysis of Variances The sales price variance is zero‚ meaning the average price New Look Jackets sold products was the same as the budgeted sales price. The sales mix variance is unfavourable for Nylon Jackets and favourable
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History of Indian Budget India’s first Finance Minister Sir R.K. Shanmugham Chetty‚ presented the first Finance Budget of independent India on November 26‚ 1947. Since then‚ 28 differentUnion Finance Ministers have been presenting the budget year after year. Initially‚ major attention was paid towards the agriculture sector but as the economy evolved‚ the focus shifted from agriculture to other sectors like industrial‚ financial etc. During the early the fifties‚ Indian budget highlights revolved
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LABOR COST VARIANCE CAN BE SPLIT INTO • Direct labor rate variance (P) Calculation: actual total labor costs - (total actual labor hours worked x budgeted labor hour rate) Interpretation: calculates the portion of labor costs variance driven by the changed labor rate per hour Possible reasons for variances: changes in staff qualification and skills‚ general increase of wages in economy‚ premiums paid to finish a job quickly‚ poor budgeting • Direct labor quantity (efficiency) variance (P) Calculation:
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* Question 1 0 out of 2.5 points | | | The least effective way to determine random numbers is toAnswer | | | | | Selected Answer: | use the "pseudo random numbers" produced by the special equations in computers. | | | | | * Question 2 0 out of 2.5 points | | | The items below are based on the following scenario. In a third world country‚ 100 randomly selected people were surveyed about their socioeconomic class and religious affiliation. The results and an
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Introduction A budget is a financial plan and a list of all planned expenses and revenues. It is a plan for saving‚ borrowing and spending. It is also an important concept in microeconomics‚ which uses a budget line to illustrate the trade-offs between two or more goods. In other terms‚ a budget is an organizational plan stated in monetary terms. But now-a-days a budget is something more than an estimate of revenue and expenditure. There is no alternative of budget for the implementation of development
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