REACTION PAPER – THE ENRON SCANDAL FACTS OF THE CASE Enron Corporation was formed in 1985‚ led by Kenneth Lay‚ as a result from the merger of Houston Natural Gas and Internorth that specializes in natural gases and commodities. In 1990‚ the company hires Jeffrey Skilling to lead the trading of commodities under deregulated market and Andrew Fastow later that year (USA Today‚ 2002). Deregulation of the energy markets allowed companies to place bets on future prices‚ and Enron was poised to take
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accordance with an identified financial reporting framework. An auditor is setting out to achieve enhanced credibility of information disclosed to increase reliability for the users of the financial statements. A definition from the Committee on Basic Auditing is as follows: A systematic process of objectively obtaining and evaluating evidence regarding assertions about economic actions and events to ascertain the degree of correspondence between those assertions and established criteria and communicating
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AUDITING 4 INTERNAL CONTROL In business control is required for optimum utilizatiion of resources and for maximising the profits.business operations are carried on with the help of human agents and equipments.both require supervision to ensure that tasks assigned to them are carried out properly to avoid wastes and losses. Internal control required for small business is not identical with that required for a large business in the sense that in case of the former‚the entire control
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Q1) Please summarise the professional standards of care for dental care for professionals. There are nine principles which every dental professional has to follow: 1 Put patients’ interest first 2 Communicate effectively with patients 3 Obtain valid consent 4 Maintain and protect patients’ information 5 Have a clear and effective complaints procedure 6 Work with colleagues in a way that is in patients’ best interests 7 Maintain‚ develop and work within your professional knowledge and skills 8
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The Enron Scandal One of the most popular business bankruptcies and collapses known to date is that of the Enron Corporation. Enron‚ once known as "America ’s Most Innovative Company" by Fortune Magazine six straight years from 1996 to 2001. Enron seemed to be doing very well until the summer of 2001 generating a lot of cash and new businesses‚ but in October of 2001 Enron was forced to disclose that their accounting practices had been very creative‚ and failed to follow generally accepted accounting
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CASE STUDY – UNIT 1 1. Andrew Fastow is a key person responsible for the downfall of Enron. When he became the CFO in 1998‚ he came up with the plan to make the company appear in great shape by using the mark-to-market accounting practice. The company would build an asset‚ such as a power plant‚ and immediately claim the projected profit on its books‚ even though it hadn’t made one dime from it. If the revenue from the power plant was less than the projected amount‚ instead of taking the loss‚ the
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AUDITING CHAPTER-HEADS Chapter 1 : INTRODUCTION Chapter 2 : TYPES OF AUDIT Chapter 3 : INTERNAL CONTROL AND INTERNAL CHECK Chapter 4 : VOUCHING AND VERIFICATION Chapter 5 : AUDIT PLANNING AND DOCUMENTATION Chapter 6 : COMPANY AUDITOR Chapter 7 : COMPANY AUDIT Chapter 8 : TYPES OF REPORT UNIT 1 INTRODUCTION Q1. Define an ‘Audit’ and state the various objects of an audit. Or ‘Two main objects
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Control over Financial Reporting. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the company’s internal control over financial reporting based on our audits. We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States). Those standards require that we plan and perform the audits to obtain reasonable assurance about whether effective internal control over financial reporting was maintained in all material respects. Our audit of internal control
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The Enron scandal A brief on Enron’s history Enron was formed in 1985 by Kenneth Lay after merging Houston Natural Gas and InterNorth. In the early 1990s‚ he helped to initiate the selling of electricity at market prices‚ The resulting markets made it possible for traders such as Enron to sell energy at higher prices‚ thereby significantly increasing its revenue. As Enron became the largest seller of natural gas in North America by 1992‚ Enron pursued a diversification strategy
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PART FORM ANU AUSTRALIAN UNIVERSITY : Enron‚ Parmalat‚ WorldCom‚ HIH – these corporate failures and accounting scandals have shaken the foundations of investor confidence in the transparency‚ integrity and accountability of corporations and capital markets. There has also been public disquiet about the role professional auditors and audit firms have played in these corporate scandals. The consequences for many of the players in the market for financial information have been enormous; reputations
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