solving has pushed the development of newer programming languages. The evolution of programming languages is typically discussed in terms of generation of languages. The first generation of Programming languages is machine language‚ which required the use of binary symbols (0s and 1s). Because this is the language of the CPU‚ text file that are translated into binary sets can be read by almost every computer system platform. Developers of programming languages attempted to overcome some of the difficulties
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History of Programming Languages To date‚ there have been two conferences focusing on programming languages. The Special Interest Group on Programming Languages (SIGPLAN) of the Association for Computing Machinery sponsored two "History of Programming Languages (HOPL)" conferences. The first of these took place in Los Angeles in 1978‚ and focused on thirteen early languages: ALGOL‚ APL‚ APT‚ BASIC‚ COBOL‚ FORTRAN‚ GPSS‚ JOSS‚ JOVIAL‚ LISP‚ PL/I‚ SIMULA‚ and SNOBOL. The prospectus for the first
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CONCEPTS OF PROGRAMING LANGUAGES (COMPUTER SCIENCE 7) PRELIMINARIES Reasons for Studying Concepts of Programming Languages 1. Increased capacity to express ideas – People with limited grasp of natural language are limited in the complexity of their thoughts‚ it is difficult for people to conceptualize structure that they cannot describe‚ verbally or in writing. Programmers in the process of developing software encounter the same constraint. Programmers can increase the range of their software-development
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Levels of programming languages There are two major levels namely; 1. Low-level languages 2. High-level languages These two languages are sub-divided into five generations. 1st and 2nd gen - low level languages 3rd‚ 4th‚ and 5th – high level Xtics of low level languages. 1. They are easily understood by the computer directly i.e. they require little effort to translate into computer understandable form. 2. These languages are hardware oriented and thus not portable i.e. such that a
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Evolution of Programming Languages Generations Most books and articles on history of programming languages tend to discuss languages in term of generations.This is useful arrangement for classifying languages by age.I agree that whatever a few of we ‘more mature’ software engineers get together‚ we cannot ever seem to agree on wht constitutes the generation of computer languages.We know that Formula Translation (FORTRAN) was probably a first-generation languges.Does that make FORTRAN 77 and WatFor
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1.1 Your First Java Program: Hello World In this section‚ our plan is to lead you into the world of Java programming by taking you through the three basic steps required to get a simple program running. The Java system is a collection of applications not unlike any of the other applications that you are accustomed to using (such as your word processor‚ e-mail program‚ or internet browser). As with any application‚ you need to be sure that Java is properly installed on your computer. You
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What are computer programming languages? A programming language can be explained to be a language that are used by the machines mainly computer systems. They are notations to write programs which are condition of a computation or algorithm. Few restrict the expression of "programming language" to those languages that are used to express all possible algorithms. The invention of computers is predated by the earlier programming languages that were used to direct the behavior of machines‚ for
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computer programmer has many languages to choose from‚ but what’s the difference between them? What are these languages used for? How can we categorize them in useful ways? These days‚ programming languages are becoming more and more general and all-purpose‚ but they still have their specializations‚ and each language has its disadvantages and advantages. Languages can generally be divided into a few basic types‚ though many languages support more than one programming style. This following list
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computer‚ was called machine language or machine code‚ it is the only language a computer really understands‚ a sequence of 0s and 1s that the computer’s controls interprets as instructions‚ electrically. First-generation languages required the writing of long strings of binary numbers to represent such operations as “add‚” “subtract‚” “and compare.” Later improvements allowed octal‚ decimal‚ or hexadecimal representation of the binary strings. 2ND GENERATION (ASSEMBLY LANGUAGE): Because writing programs
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A History of Computer Programming Languages The first programming languages predate the modern computer. From the first‚ the languages were codes. Herman Hollerith realized that he could encode information on punch cards when he observed that railroad train conductors would encode the appearance of the ticket holders on the train tickets using the position of punched holes on the tickets. Hollerith then proceeded to encode the 1890 census data on punch cards which he made the same size as the boxes
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